Home / Pre-Press / JTAS-2478-2022

 

Optimizing Silicon Application to Improve Growth, Grain Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of indica Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Bw 367)

Minninga Geethika Neranjani Rupasinghe, Mohamed Musa Hanafi, Mohd Rafii Yusop, Roslan Ismail, Parisa Azizi, Liyana Rallage Mahesh Chaminda Liyanage and Amoda Piyangi Mayakaduwa

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Pre-Press

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.4.08

Keywords: Plant nutrients, silicon accumulation, silicon requirement, yield attributes

Published: 2022-09-06

The rice plant accumulates silicon (Si) in greater quantity, which varies among the rice genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the optimum fertilization rate and its effect on growth, yield, yield attributes, and soil nutrient uptake. Six different silicon dioxide (SiO2) rates, including 0, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg SiO2/ha, were applied initially. The optimum rate of SiO2 was obtained by statistical analysis, utilizing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to separate the means. The results showed that shoot dry weight and plant height were significantly affected by Si fertilization. The highest Si tissue concentration of 395.27 μg/100 mg was recorded in 100 kg SiO2/ha treated plants, and their potassium, phosphorous, silicon, and magnesium uptakes were increased by 2, 1.3, 11 and 1.8 folds, respectively. Further, in yield attributes, 32 and 52% increments and a 30% decrease were observed in the total number of grains, filled grains, and unfilled grains per panicle, respectively, and were not significantly different from those observed in 125 kg SiO2/ha rate. The highest grain yield of 104.6 g/pot was obtained with 100 kg SiO2/ha level of Si fertilizer, and it was statistically at par with the yields obtained with 125 kg SiO2/ha. The quadratic function found the rate of Si fertilizer for optimum grain yield (100.5 g/pot) as 115 kg SiO2/ha; thus, it could be concluded that indica rice genotypes need to be fertilized with 115 kg SiO2/ha for optimum yield for higher growth and nutrient uptake.

  • Bray, R. H., & Kurtz, L. T. (1945). Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59(1), 39-46.

  • Coombs, J., Hind, G., Leegood, R. C., Tieszen, L. L., & Vonshak, A. (1985). Analytical techniques. In J. Coombs, D. O. Hall, S. P. Long, & J. M. O. Scurlock (Eds.), Techniques in bioproductivity and photosynthesis (2nd ed., pp. 219–228). Pergamon Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-031999-5.50027-3

  • Cox, N., & Smith, L. M. (2019). A rice transcription factor controls grain length through cell number. Plant Physiology, 180(4), 1781–1783. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00730.

  • Crooks, R., & Prentice, P. (2017). Extensive investigation into field based responses to a silica fertilizer. Silicon, 9, 301–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9379-3

  • Cuong, T. X., Ullah, H., Datta, A., & Hanh, T. C. (2017). Effects of silicon-based fertilizer on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rice in tropical zone of Vietnam. Rice Science, 24(5), 283–290. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rsci. 2017.06.002.

  • Efisue, A. A., Umunna, B. C., & Orluchukwu, J. A. (2014). Effects of yield components on yield potential of some lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal region of Southern Nigeria. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 6(9), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2014.0449

  • Elliott, C. L., & Snyder, G. H. (1991). Autoclave induced digestion for the colorimetric determination of silicon in rice straw. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 39(6), 1118–1119. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00006A024

  • Fortunato, A. A., Rodrigues, F. A., & Datnoff, L. E. (2015). Silicon control of soil-borne and seed-borne diseases. In A. A. Fortunato, F. A. Rodrigues, & L. E. Datnoff (Eds.), Silicon and plant diseases (pp. 53–66). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22930-0_3

  • Gaur, S., Kumar, J., Kumar, D., Chauhan, D. K., Prasad, S. M., & Srivastava, P. K. (2020). Fascinating impact of silicon and silicon transporters in plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 202, 110885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885

  • Gill, M. A., Rahmatullah, Irfan, M., & Maqsood, M. A. (2007). Silicon requirement of coarse and fine varieties of rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30(2), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160601117077

  • Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S. M., & Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327, 812–818.

  • Hoseinian, Y., Bahmanyar, M. A., Sadegh-zade, F., & Biparva, P. (2020). Effects of different sources of silicon and irrigation regime on rice yield components and silicon dynamics in the plant and soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(15), 2322-2335. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1771577

  • Huang, R., Jiang, L., Zheng, J., Wang, T., Wang, H., Huang, Y., & Hong, Z. (2013). Genetic bases of rice grain shape: So many genes, so little known. Trends in Plant Science, 18(4), 218–226. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.tplants. 2012.11.001

  • Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis - Advanced course: A manual of methods useful for instruction and research in soil chemistry, physical chemistry of soils, soil fertility, and soil genesis (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press.

  • Jawahar, S., Jain, N., Suseendran, K., Kalaiyarasan, C., & Kanagarajan, R. (2015). Effect of silixol granules on silicon uptake, stem borer and leaf folder incidence in rice. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 3(5), 74–80.

  • Jawahar, S., & Vaiyapuri, V. (2013). Effect of sulphur and silicon fertilization on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of rice. International Research Journal of Chemistry, 1, 34–43.

  • Jinger, D., Devi, M. T., Dhar, S., Dass, A., Rajanna, G. A., Upadhaya, P., & Raj, R. (2017). Silicon in mitigating biotic stresses in rice (Oryza sativa L.) – A review. Annals of Agricultural Research, 38(1), 1–14.

  • Kim, Y., Khan, A. L., Shinwari, Z. K., Kim, D., Waqas, M., Kamran, M., & Lee, I. (2012). Silicon treatment to rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv ‘Gopumbyo’) plants during different growth periods and its effects on growth and grain yield. Pakistan Journal of Botani, 44(3), 891–897.

  • Korndörfer, G. H., Pereira, H. S., & Nolla, A. (2004). Análise de silício: Solo, planta e fertilizante [Silicon analysis: Soil, plant and fertilizer]. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312454775_Analise_de_silicio_solo_planta_e_fertilizante

  • Lavinsky, A. O., Detmann, K. C., Reis, J. V., Ávila, R. T., Sanglard, M. L., Pereira, L. F., Sanglard, L. M. V. P., Rodrigues, F. A., Araújo, W. L., & DaMatta, F. M. (2016). Silicon improves rice grain yield and photosynthesis specifically when supplied during the reproductive growth stage. Journal of Plant Physiology, 206, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.09.010

  • Liang, Y., Hua, H., Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., Cheng, C., & Romheld, V. (2006). Importance of plant species and external silicon concentration to active silicon uptake and transport. New Phytologist, 172(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01797.x

  • Ma, J. F., & Yamaji, N. (2006). Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science, 11(8), 392–397. https:// doi.org/10.1016/ j.tplants.2006.06.007

  • Mahendran, P. P., Gowthamraj, K., Balasubramaniam, P., Chandramani, P., & Yuvaraj, M. (2021). Status and distribution of plant available silicon in relation to some soil properties and response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to silicon nutrition in the intensively rice growing soils of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Silicon, 14, 1519-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-00947-2

  • Matoh, T., Murata, S., & Takahashi, E. (1991). Effect of silicate application on photosynthesis of rice plants. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62, 248–251.

  • Mauad, M., Crusciol, C. A. C., Filho, H. G., & Corrêa, J. C. (2003). Nitrogen and silicon fertilization of upland rice. Scientia Agricola, 60(4), 761–765. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162003000400023

  • Mitani, N., & Ma, J. F. (2005). Uptake system of silicon in different plant species. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(414), 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri121

  • Miller, R. O. (1998). High-temperature oxidation: Dry ashing. In Y. P. Kalra (Ed.), Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis (pp. 53–57). CRS Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420049398.CH5

  • Mobasser, H. R., Malidareh, A. G., & Sedghi, A. H. (2008). Effect of silicon application to nitrogen rate and splitting on agronomical characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In The 4th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture (pp. 26-31). International Society for Silicon in Agriculture. http://www.issag.org/4th---south-africa.html

  • Nagula, S., Joseph, B., Gladis, R., Raman, P. V., & Prabhakar, N. (2015). Silicon nutrition of crops with special reference to rice. Popular Kheti, 3(3), 111–114.

  • Ning, C., Qu, J., He, L., Yang, R., Chen, Q., Luo, S., & Cai, K. (2017). Improvement of yield, pest control and Si nutrition of rice by rice-water spinach intercropping. Field Crops Research, 208, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.005

  • Pati, S., Pal, B., Badole, S., Hazra, G. C., & Mandal, B. (2016). Effect of silicon fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47(3), 284–290. https://doi.org /10.1080/00103624.2015.1122797

  • Peera, S. P. G., Balasubramaniam, P., & Mahendran, P. P. (2014). Silicon release characteristics of graded levels of fly ash with silicate solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure in soil. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 27(2), 23–28.

  • Prakash, N. B., Chandrashekar, N., Mahendra, C., Patil, S. U., Thippeshappa, G. N., & Laane, H. M. (2011). Effect of foliar spray of soluble silicic acid on growth and yield parameters of wetland rice in hilly and coastal zone soils of Karnataka, South India. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34(12), 1883–1893. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.600414

  • Raven, J. A. (2003). Cycling silicon: The role of accumulation in plants. New Phytologist, 158(3), 419–421. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00778.x

  • Rupasinghe, M. G. N., Hanafi, M. M., Rafii, M. Y., Roslan, I., Azizi, P., Liyanage, L. R. M. C., & Mayakaduwa, M. A. P. (2021). Evaluation of rice uptake ability and plant growth performances under varied silicon concentrations. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 20(3), 1–9.

  • Song, A., Xue, G., Cui, P., Fan, F., Liu, H., & Yin, C. (2016). The role of silicon in enhancing resistance to bacterial blight of hydroponic- and soil-cultured rice. Scientific Reports, 6, 24640. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24640

  • Subramanian, S., & Gopalswamy, A. (1991). Effect of moisture, organic matter, phosphate and silicate on availability of silicon and phosphorus in rice soils. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 39, 99–103.

  • Swain, R., Das, A. B., & Panda, S. K. (2016). Genotypic response of silicon uptake ability in upland varieties of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and in silico analysis of silicon transporter gene (Lsi2) in var. Ghanteswari. Intentional Journal of Advanced Research, 4(7), 985–998. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/902

  • Swain, R., & Rout, G. R. (2018). Effect of silicon interaction with nutrients in rice. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 6(4), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.18006/2018.6(4).717.731

  • Tränkner, M., Tavakol, E., & Jákli, B. (2018). Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiologia Plantarum, 163(3), 414–431. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ppl.12747

  • Ullah, H., Luc, P. D., Gautam, A., & Datta, A. (2017). Growth, yield and silicon uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by dose and timing of silicon application under water-deficit stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(3), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1350782

  • Walkley, A. J., & Black, I. A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29–38.

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JTAS-2478-2022

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Recent Articles