/*
 * PJST modern journal UI
 * Visual direction: PGSYM layout language + a lighter blue/navy palette sampled from the PJST 2026 cover.
 * This file intentionally scopes almost everything under .journal-modern so legacy Pertanika pages are unaffected.
 */

:root {
    --pjst-ink: #182b48;
    --pjst-deep: #20346b;
    --pjst-deeper: #081823;
    --pjst-primary: #355b98;
    --pjst-primary-2: #5577ad;
    --pjst-mid: #8298c2;
    --pjst-soft: #dfe7f5;
    --pjst-mist: #eff3fa;
    --pjst-paper: #f8fafd;
    --pjst-white: #ffffff;
    --pjst-gold: #f5b21b;
    --pjst-gold-soft: #fff4d0;
    --pjst-line: #d8e0ee;
    --pjst-text: #27344a;
    --pjst-muted: #6c778c;
    --pjst-danger: #b83b44;
    --pjst-shadow: 0 14px 40px rgba(22, 42, 79, .10);
    --pjst-shadow-lg: 0 26px 60px rgba(8, 24, 35, .16);
    --pjst-radius: 18px;
    --pjst-radius-sm: 12px;
}

.journal-modern {
    margin: 0;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 5%, rgba(130, 152, 194, .14), transparent 24rem),
        linear-gradient(180deg, #f7f9fd 0, #fbfcfe 28rem, #f3f6fb 100%);
    color: var(--pjst-text);
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.62;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.journal-modern *,
.journal-modern *::before,
.journal-modern *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.journal-modern .sr-only {
    position: absolute !important;
    width: 1px !important;
    height: 1px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: -1px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    border: 0 !important;
}

.journal-modern a {
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.journal-modern a:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-deeper);
}

.journal-modern .journal-root {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

/* ---------- Pertanika masthead ---------- */
.journal-brandbar {
    width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
    min-height: 82px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 18px 0 16px;
}

.journal-brandbar__logo {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-brandbar__logo img {
    display: block;
    max-width: min(390px, 58vw);
    max-height: 58px;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.journal-brandbar__links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.journal-brandbar__links a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    transition: .2s ease;
}

.journal-brandbar__links a:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.journal-hero {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
    min-height: 330px;
    margin: 0 auto 18px;
    padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(220px, .7fr);
    gap: 44px;
    align-items: center;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .16);
    border-radius: 28px;
    background:
        linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(255,255,255,.94) 0%, rgba(239,243,250,.95) 42%, rgba(211,222,240,.96) 100%);
    box-shadow: var(--pjst-shadow);
}

.journal-hero::before,
.journal-hero::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: -1;
}

.journal-hero::before {
    width: 430px;
    height: 430px;
    right: -125px;
    top: -170px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .18);
    box-shadow:
        0 0 0 42px rgba(53, 91, 152, .04),
        0 0 0 86px rgba(53, 91, 152, .025),
        0 0 0 130px rgba(53, 91, 152, .018);
}

.journal-hero::after {
    width: 55%;
    height: 1px;
    right: -5%;
    bottom: 72px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(53,91,152,.28), transparent);
    box-shadow: 0 -18px 0 rgba(53,91,152,.06), 0 18px 0 rgba(53,91,152,.06);
}

.journal-eyebrow,
.journal-sidecard__eyebrow {
    display: inline-block;
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: .14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-hero h1 {
    margin: 10px 0 14px;
    max-width: 830px;
    color: var(--pjst-deeper) !important;
    font-size: clamp(34px, 4.6vw, 61px);
    line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -.035em;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-hero h1 span {
    display: block;
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
}

.journal-hero__copy {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 0;
    color: #536078;
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.journal-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.journal-meta span {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 6px;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 34px;
    padding: 7px 12px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.14);
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 12px;
}

.journal-meta strong {
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
}

.journal-hero__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}

.journal-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-height: 43px;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    border-radius: 11px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, background .2s ease, color .2s ease;
}

.journal-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.journal-btn--primary {
    color: #fff !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--pjst-primary), var(--pjst-deep));
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(53, 91, 152, .22);
}

.journal-btn--primary:hover {
    color: #fff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(53, 91, 152, .28);
}

.journal-btn--soft {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.16);
}

.journal-btn--soft:hover {
    background: #fff;
}

.journal-hero__visual {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 210px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}

.journal-cover-card {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 3;
    width: min(210px, 80%);
    padding: 14px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.92);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.58);
    box-shadow: 0 22px 48px rgba(8, 24, 35, .18);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    transform: rotate(2deg);
    transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;
}

.journal-cover-card:hover {
    transform: rotate(0) translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 64px rgba(8, 24, 35, .22);
}

.journal-cover-card img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 230px;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 11px;
}

.journal-orbit {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px dashed rgba(53,91,152,.24);
    animation: pjstSpin 32s linear infinite;
}

.journal-orbit--one { width: 260px; height: 260px; }
.journal-orbit--two { width: 190px; height: 190px; animation-direction: reverse; animation-duration: 22s; }

@keyframes pjstSpin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }

/* ---------- Sticky primary nav ---------- */
.journal-nav-shell {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 4000;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0 20px;
    background: rgba(247, 249, 253, .86);
    backdrop-filter: blur(15px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(15px);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.05);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.08);
}

.journal-nav {
    width: min(1180px, 100%);
    min-height: 58px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 6px 8px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #18264f 0%, #20346b 56%, #355b98 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(32,52,107,.18);
}

.journal-nav__brand {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 72px;
    padding: 0 16px;
    color: #fff !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);
}

.journal-nav__menu {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 2px;
    flex: 1;
    list-style: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

.journal-nav__menu > li {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-nav__menu > li > a,
.journal-dropdown__trigger {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 7px;
    min-height: 46px;
    padding: 0 13px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.92) !important;
    background: transparent;
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.15;
    font-weight: 750;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;
}

.journal-nav__menu > li > a:hover,
.journal-dropdown__trigger:hover,
.journal-nav__menu > li > a.is-active,
.journal-dropdown.is-active > .journal-dropdown__trigger,
.journal-dropdown.is-open > .journal-dropdown__trigger {
    color: #fff !important;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.13);
}

.journal-dropdown__menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 8px);
    left: 0;
    width: 245px;
    padding: 8px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.12);
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.98);
    box-shadow: 0 22px 48px rgba(8,24,35,.17);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    transition: .18s ease;
}

.journal-dropdown__menu--wide { width: 310px; }

.journal-dropdown:hover > .journal-dropdown__menu,
.journal-dropdown:focus-within > .journal-dropdown__menu,
.journal-dropdown.is-open > .journal-dropdown__menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.journal-dropdown__menu a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 11px;
    border-radius: 9px;
    color: var(--pjst-text) !important;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: .18s ease;
}

.journal-dropdown__menu a:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
    transform: translateX(2px);
}

.journal-dropdown__label {
    display: block;
    padding: 9px 11px 5px;
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    font-size: 10px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-nav__toggle {
    display: none;
    width: 46px;
    height: 42px;
    margin-left: auto;
    align-self: center;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.journal-nav__toggle > span:not(.sr-only) {
    display: block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 2px;
    margin: 4px auto;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ---------- Utility strip ---------- */
.journal-utilitybar {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pjst-line);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
}

.journal-utilitybar__inner {
    width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
    min-height: 45px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 12px;
}

.journal-utilitybar__inner > span {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.journal-utilitybar__inner > span i { color: var(--pjst-primary); }

.journal-utilitybar__inner > div {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.journal-utilitybar a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 7px 9px;
    border-radius: 9px;
    color: var(--pjst-muted) !important;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-utilitybar a:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
}

/* ---------- Content stage ---------- */
.journal-modern .journal-content {
    width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px)) !important;
    max-width: 1180px !important;
    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding: 34px 0 64px !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

.journal-modern .journal-content h1,
.journal-modern .journal-content h2,
.journal-modern .journal-content h3,
.journal-modern .journal-content h4 {
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

.journal-modern .journal-content h1,
.journal-modern .journal-content h2.jst,
.journal-modern .journal-content .jst h2,
.journal-modern .journal-content h2 {
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
}

.journal-modern .journal-content h2 {
    letter-spacing: -.015em;
}

.journal-modern .jst,
.journal-modern a.jst,
.journal-modern .jst-link {
    color: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
}

.journal-modern .jst-alt {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
}

.journal-modern .jst-bg {
    background: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
}

.journal-modern .jst-bg-alt {
    background: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
}

.journal-modern .divider,
.journal-modern hr {
    border: 0 !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--pjst-line) !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

.journal-modern .panel-title {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* ---------- Shared PGSYM-style cards ---------- */
.journal-modern .card,
.journal-sidecard,
.journal-modern .alert,
.journal-modern .recent-panel {
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.11) !important;
    border-radius: var(--pjst-radius) !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(22,42,79,.06) !important;
}

.journal-modern .card {
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease, border-color .22s ease;
}

.journal-modern .card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--pjst-shadow) !important;
    border-color: rgba(53,91,152,.20) !important;
}

.journal-modern .card-text {
    padding: 18px !important;
}

.journal-modern .alert {
    padding: 18px 20px !important;
}

.journal-modern .danger-alert {
    border-color: rgba(184,59,68,.16) !important;
    background: #fff7f7 !important;
    color: #7f2930 !important;
}

/* ---------- Sidebar ---------- */
.journal-content-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: start;
    gap: 30px;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-content-grid > .journal-sidebar {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

.journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 > .row[style*="margin: 20px"] {
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 80px;
}

.journal-sidecard {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    padding: 20px;
}

.journal-sidecard--nav {
    padding: 22px 18px 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #f8fafd 100%) !important;
}

.journal-sidecard h2 {
    margin: 5px 0 15px !important;
    color: var(--pjst-deeper) !important;
    font-size: 23px;
    letter-spacing: -.02em;
}

.journal-quicklinks {
    display: grid;
    gap: 5px;
}

.journal-quicklinks a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 10px 11px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    color: var(--pjst-text) !important;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: .2s ease;
}

.journal-quicklinks a i {
    color: var(--pjst-mid);
    font-size: 11px;
    transition: transform .2s ease;
}

.journal-quicklinks a:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
}

.journal-quicklinks a:hover i { transform: translateX(3px); }

.journal-metric-logo {
    min-height: 100px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}

.journal-metric-logo img {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    width: auto !important;
    max-height: 170px;
    height: auto !important;
}

.journal-citescore { padding: 0; overflow: hidden; }
.journal-citescore > a { display: block; padding: 20px; color: inherit !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.journal-citescore__row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: end; gap: 12px; margin: 8px 0 12px; }
.journal-citescore__row strong { font-size: 42px; line-height: 1; color: var(--pjst-deep); }
.journal-citescore__row span { text-align: right; color: var(--pjst-muted); font-size: 12px; }
.journal-citescore__track { height: 5px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--pjst-soft); }
.journal-citescore__track span { display: block; height: 100%; border-radius: inherit; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--pjst-mid), var(--pjst-primary)); }
.journal-citescore small { display:block; margin-top:6px; color: var(--pjst-muted); }

/* ---------- Legacy page content refinement ---------- */
.journal-modern .journal-content > .row:not(.journal-home-grid):not(.journal-content-grid),
.journal-modern .journal-content > .column-1 {
    border-radius: var(--pjst-radius);
}

.journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="margin: 20px"][style*="min-height"],
.journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="width: 90%"],
.journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="width: 90"],
.journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 > .row,
.journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 > div.row {
    padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 38px) !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.10);
    border-radius: var(--pjst-radius) !important;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 26px rgba(22,42,79,.055);
}

.journal-modern .text-justify {
    color: #35435a;
}

.journal-modern .text-justify p,
.journal-modern p {
    max-width: 82ch;
}

.journal-modern .text-list li,
.journal-modern ol.text-list li {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.journal-modern table {
    max-width: 100%;
    border-color: var(--pjst-line) !important;
}

.journal-modern table td,
.journal-modern table th {
    border-color: var(--pjst-line) !important;
}

.journal-modern table tr:nth-child(even) td {
    background-color: rgba(232,238,248,.42);
}

.journal-modern table td[style*="background-color: #005792"],
.journal-modern table th[style*="background-color: #005792"] {
    background: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
}

.journal-modern select,
.journal-modern input[type="text"],
.journal-modern input[type="email"],
.journal-modern input[type="search"],
.journal-modern textarea {
    min-height: 42px;
    border: 1px solid var(--pjst-line) !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    color: var(--pjst-text) !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    outline: none;
}

.journal-modern select:focus,
.journal-modern input:focus,
.journal-modern textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(53,91,152,.10) !important;
}

.journal-modern .introduction-button {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    min-height: 46px;
    padding: 10px 17px !important;
    border-radius: 11px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    color: #fff !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(53,91,152,.18);
    transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.journal-modern .introduction-button:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(53,91,152,.24);
}

.journal-modern .person-position {
    display: block;
    margin: 26px 0 14px !important;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pjst-line);
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-size: 17px !important;
    font-weight: 850 !important;
}

.journal-modern .person-name {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
}

.journal-modern .person-work,
.journal-modern .person-skills,
.journal-modern .person-title {
    color: var(--pjst-muted) !important;
}

/* ---------- Home page ---------- */
.journal-home .journal-content {
    padding-top: 28px !important;
}

.journal-notices {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 26px;
}

.journal-notice {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    align-items: start;
    padding: 20px 22px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.12);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #f4f7fc 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 7px 22px rgba(22,42,79,.055);
}

.journal-notice::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 5px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--pjst-mid), var(--pjst-primary));
}

.journal-notice--gold::after {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffd36f, var(--pjst-gold));
}

.journal-notice__icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--pjst-soft);
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    font-size: 18px;
}

.journal-notice--gold .journal-notice__icon {
    background: var(--pjst-gold-soft);
    color: #8a6200;
}

.journal-notice__date {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 10px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-notice h2 {
    margin: 0 0 4px !important;
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-size: 19px;
    letter-spacing: -.01em !important;
}

.journal-notice p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #5b6880;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.journal-home-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 260px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: start;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-home-metrics {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.journal-home-metrics .card {
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-home-main {
    min-width: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 22px;
}

.journal-scam-card {
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(184,59,68,.10);
    border-radius: var(--pjst-radius);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 26px rgba(22,42,79,.055);
}

.journal-scam-card a { display: block; }
.journal-scam-card img { display: block; width: 100% !important; border-radius: 0 !important; }

.journal-latest-panel {
    padding: clamp(22px, 4vw, 36px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.10);
    border-radius: var(--pjst-radius);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 26px rgba(22,42,79,.055);
}

.journal-latest-panel .column-3 {
    width: 100% !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
}

.journal-latest-panel h2 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-size: clamp(22px, 3vw, 31px);
}

.journal-latest-panel h3 {
    margin-top: 20px;
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
}

.journal-article-item {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 16px 0;
    margin: 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pjst-line);
}

.journal-article-item:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }

.journal-article-item__main {
    width: 100% !important;
}

.journal-article-item__action {
    width: auto !important;
    min-width: 118px;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

.journal-article-item .article_title {
    display: inline-block;
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-article-item .article_title:hover { color: var(--pjst-primary) !important; }
.journal-article-item .author { color: var(--pjst-muted); }

.journal-pdf-link {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
    min-height: 38px;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 8px 10px;
    border-radius: 9px;
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-pdf-link img { margin: 0 !important; }

/* ---------- Browse/article pages ---------- */
.journal-modern .article_title {
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-modern .article_title:hover { color: var(--pjst-primary) !important; }

.journal-modern a[download],
.journal-modern a.article_link {
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.journal-modern #page-blocker {
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
}

/* ---------- Footer compatibility ---------- */
.journal-modern .footer,
.journal-modern footer {
    margin-top: 0;
}

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1050px) {
    .journal-hero {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 210px;
        gap: 26px;
    }

    .journal-nav__menu > li > a,
    .journal-dropdown__trigger {
        padding: 0 9px;
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .journal-nav__brand { min-width: 64px; padding: 0 11px; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .journal-brandbar { min-height: 70px; }
    .journal-brandbar__links { display: none; }

    .journal-hero {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        min-height: 0;
        padding: 34px;
    }

    .journal-hero__visual { display: none; }

    .journal-nav {
        position: relative;
        min-height: 56px;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .journal-nav__toggle { display: block; }

    .journal-nav__menu {
        position: absolute;
        top: calc(100% + 8px);
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        display: none;
        max-height: calc(100vh - 100px);
        overflow-y: auto;
        padding: 8px !important;
        border: 1px solid rgba(53,91,152,.12);
        border-radius: 14px;
        background: #fff;
        box-shadow: var(--pjst-shadow-lg);
    }

    .journal-nav__menu.is-open { display: block; }
    .journal-nav__menu > li { display: block; }

    .journal-nav__menu > li > a,
    .journal-dropdown__trigger {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
        min-height: 44px;
        padding: 0 12px;
        color: var(--pjst-text) !important;
    }

    .journal-nav__menu > li > a:hover,
    .journal-dropdown__trigger:hover,
    .journal-nav__menu > li > a.is-active,
    .journal-dropdown.is-active > .journal-dropdown__trigger,
    .journal-dropdown.is-open > .journal-dropdown__trigger {
        color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
        background: var(--pjst-mist);
    }

    .journal-dropdown__menu,
    .journal-dropdown__menu--wide {
        position: static;
        width: auto;
        display: none;
        margin: 2px 6px 8px;
        padding: 6px;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        pointer-events: auto;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        border-radius: 10px;
        background: #f8fafd;
    }

    .journal-dropdown:hover > .journal-dropdown__menu,
    .journal-dropdown:focus-within > .journal-dropdown__menu { display: none; }
    .journal-dropdown.is-open > .journal-dropdown__menu { display: block; }

    .journal-content-grid,
    .journal-home-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .journal-sidebar {
        position: static;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .journal-sidecard { margin-bottom: 0; }
    .journal-sidecard--nav { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
    .journal-home-metrics { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
    .journal-brandbar,
    .journal-hero,
    .journal-utilitybar__inner,
    .journal-modern .journal-content {
        width: min(100% - 24px, 1180px) !important;
    }

    .journal-brandbar { padding: 14px 0; }
    .journal-brandbar__logo img { max-width: 80vw; max-height: 50px; }

    .journal-hero {
        margin-bottom: 12px;
        padding: 27px 22px;
        border-radius: 20px;
    }

    .journal-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(31px, 10vw, 44px); }
    .journal-hero__copy { font-size: 15px; }
    .journal-meta { gap: 7px; }
    .journal-hero__actions { display: grid; }
    .journal-btn { width: 100%; }

    .journal-nav-shell { padding: 0 12px; }
    .journal-nav { border-radius: 13px; }

    .journal-utilitybar__inner {
        min-height: 42px;
        justify-content: flex-end;
    }

    .journal-utilitybar__inner > span { display: none; }
    .journal-utilitybar__inner > div { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
    .journal-utilitybar a { padding: 6px; font-size: 11px; }

    .journal-modern .journal-content { padding-top: 22px !important; padding-bottom: 42px !important; }
    .journal-sidebar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .journal-sidecard--nav { grid-column: auto; }
    .journal-home-metrics { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .journal-notice { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .journal-notice__icon { width: 38px; height: 38px; }

    .journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 > .row,
    .journal-content-grid > .column-2.is-7 > div.row,
    .journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="margin: 20px"][style*="min-height"],
    .journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="width: 90%"],
    .journal-modern .journal-content > .row[style*="width: 90"] {
        padding: 20px !important;
    }

    .journal-article-item {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .journal-article-item__action { min-width: 0; }

    .journal-modern table {
        display: block;
        overflow-x: auto;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .journal-modern *,
    .journal-modern *::before,
    .journal-modern *::after {
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
        animation-duration: .01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: .01ms !important;
    }
}

/* Home grid placement: metrics remain left; scam alert and latest issue stack on the right. */
.journal-home-grid > .journal-home-metrics {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
}

.journal-home-grid > .journal-scam-col,
.journal-home-grid > .journal-latest-panel {
    grid-column: 2;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .journal-home-grid > .journal-home-metrics,
    .journal-home-grid > .journal-scam-col,
    .journal-home-grid > .journal-latest-panel {
        grid-column: 1;
        grid-row: auto;
    }
}

/* ========================================================================== 
   v1.2 — full-width journal shell + modern home flow
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
    --pjst-layout-max: 1380px;
    --pjst-layout-gutter: max(24px, calc((100vw - var(--pjst-layout-max)) / 2));
    --pjst-utility-height: 45px;
}

/* Full-width masthead, hero and navigation. The backgrounds now run edge to
   edge like PGSYM, while the content remains aligned to a readable grid. */
.journal-modern .journal-root {
    overflow: visible !important;
}

.journal-brandbar {
    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 84px;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 16px var(--pjst-layout-gutter) !important;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .08);
}

.journal-hero {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    min-height: 360px;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding-top: clamp(42px, 5vw, 76px) !important;
    padding-right: var(--pjst-layout-gutter) !important;
    padding-bottom: clamp(42px, 5vw, 76px) !important;
    padding-left: var(--pjst-layout-gutter) !important;
    border-left: 0 !important;
    border-right: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 82% 24%, rgba(130, 152, 194, .32), transparent 23rem),
        linear-gradient(118deg, #f8fafe 0%, #eef3fb 48%, #dce6f6 100%) !important;
    box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(53, 91, 152, .10) !important;
}

.journal-hero::before {
    right: max(-100px, calc(var(--pjst-layout-gutter) - 220px));
}

/* The slim Pertanika utility strip remains available on every scroll. */
.journal-utilitybar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 5200;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: var(--pjst-utility-height);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(32, 52, 107, .12);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .94);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(8, 24, 35, .045);
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}

.journal-utilitybar__inner {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    min-height: var(--pjst-utility-height);
    padding: 0 var(--pjst-layout-gutter);
}

/* Primary navigation becomes a true full-width bar and stacks immediately
   below the sticky utility strip once it reaches the top of the viewport. */
.journal-nav-shell {
    top: var(--pjst-utility-height) !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #18264f 0%, #20346b 56%, #355b98 100%) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(21, 40, 81, .18);
}

.journal-nav {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    min-height: 62px;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 7px var(--pjst-layout-gutter) !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

.journal-nav__brand {
    padding-left: 0;
    min-width: 86px;
}

/* Widen the content stage so the redesigned homepage does not feel like a
   narrow legacy desktop column on 1440p/1920p screens. */
.journal-modern .journal-content {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: var(--pjst-layout-max) !important;
    padding: 36px 24px 72px !important;
}

/* ---------- Home page: supporting information first, articles second ---------- */
.journal-home .journal-content {
    display: block;
    padding-top: 34px !important;
}

.journal-home .journal-notices {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.journal-home .journal-notice {
    min-height: 132px;
    margin: 0;
}

.journal-scam-card--wide {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 30px;
    border-radius: 20px;
}

.journal-scam-card--wide img {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-height: 190px;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
}

.journal-metrics-section {
    margin: 0 0 32px;
    padding: clamp(22px, 3vw, 34px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .10);
    border-radius: 22px;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 0%, rgba(85, 119, 173, .10), transparent 22rem),
        #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 9px 28px rgba(22, 42, 79, .055);
}

.journal-section-heading {
    display: flex;
    align-items: end;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.journal-section-heading h2 {
    margin: 5px 0 0 !important;
    color: var(--pjst-deeper) !important;
    font-size: clamp(25px, 2.5vw, 34px);
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.journal-section-heading > p {
    max-width: 610px;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: right;
}

.journal-metrics-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
}

.journal-metric-card {
    position: relative;
    min-width: 0;
    min-height: 184px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 16px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .11);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #f8fafd 100%);
    transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}

.journal-metric-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: rgba(53, 91, 152, .22);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(22, 42, 79, .09);
}

.journal-metric-card__label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .10em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-metric-card__visual {
    flex: 1;
    min-height: 120px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 4px;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-metric-card__visual img {
    display: block;
    width: auto !important;
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 128px;
    height: auto !important;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.journal-citescore {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 13px;
    padding: 8px 5px 4px;
    color: var(--pjst-text) !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-citescore__top {
    display: flex;
    align-items: end;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
}

.journal-citescore__top > strong {
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    font-size: 46px;
    line-height: .9;
    letter-spacing: -.06em;
}

.journal-citescore__top > span {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 12px;
}

.journal-citescore__top b {
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    font-size: 14px;
}

.journal-citescore__bar {
    height: 7px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #e4e9f2;
}

.journal-citescore__bar span {
    display: block;
    width: 52%;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: inherit;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--pjst-primary), var(--pjst-primary-2));
}

.journal-citescore__bottom {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 11px;
}

.journal-citescore__bottom b {
    color: #e66b1a;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
}

/* ---------- Latest issue ---------- */
.journal-home .journal-latest-panel {
    padding: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 42px);
    border-radius: 22px;
}

.journal-latest-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 26px;
    padding-bottom: 24px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--pjst-line);
}

.journal-latest-header h2 {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 6px 0 11px !important;
    font-size: clamp(26px, 3vw, 38px) !important;
    line-height: 1.12;
}

.journal-issue-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .12);
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
    color: var(--pjst-deep);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-issue-badge i {
    color: var(--pjst-gold);
}

.journal-latest-header__browse {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-articles-heading {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin: 27px 0 13px;
}

.journal-articles-heading span {
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-articles-heading h3 {
    margin: 2px 0 0 !important;
    color: var(--pjst-deeper) !important;
    font-size: 21px;
}

.journal-articles-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 12px;
}

.journal-article-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 48px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .10);
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(22, 42, 79, .035);
    transition: transform .2s ease, border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.journal-article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(53, 91, 152, .23);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(22, 42, 79, .08);
}

.journal-article-card__number {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--pjst-mist), var(--pjst-soft));
    color: var(--pjst-primary);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
}

.journal-article-card__body {
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-article-card__title {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    color: var(--pjst-deeper) !important;
    font-size: 17px !important;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-weight: 850 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.journal-article-card__title:hover {
    color: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
}

.journal-article-card__authors {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 7px;
    margin: 0 0 7px !important;
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.journal-article-card__authors i {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    margin-top: 4px;
    color: var(--pjst-mid);
}

.journal-article-card__doi {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    max-width: 100%;
    color: var(--pjst-primary) !important;
    font-size: 12px;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.journal-article-card__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 8px;
    min-width: 118px;
}

.journal-article-action {
    min-height: 38px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 7px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 850;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-article-action--view {
    border: 1px solid rgba(53, 91, 152, .13);
    background: var(--pjst-mist);
    color: var(--pjst-deep) !important;
}

.journal-article-action--view:hover {
    background: var(--pjst-soft);
}

.journal-article-action--pdf {
    color: #fff !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--pjst-primary), var(--pjst-deep));
    box-shadow: 0 7px 16px rgba(53, 91, 152, .17);
}

.journal-article-action--pdf:hover {
    color: #fff !important;
}

.journal-article-action--pdf img {
    margin: 0 !important;
}

.journal-empty-state {
    padding: 34px;
    border: 1px dashed rgba(53, 91, 152, .2);
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: var(--pjst-paper);
    color: var(--pjst-muted);
    text-align: center;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
    :root {
        --pjst-layout-gutter: 24px;
    }

    .journal-metrics-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    :root {
        --pjst-utility-height: 42px;
    }

    .journal-brandbar {
        padding-left: 18px !important;
        padding-right: 18px !important;
    }

    .journal-hero {
        padding-left: 20px !important;
        padding-right: 20px !important;
    }

    .journal-nav {
        padding-left: 14px !important;
        padding-right: 14px !important;
    }

    .journal-utilitybar__inner {
        padding-left: 18px;
        padding-right: 18px;
    }

    .journal-home .journal-notices {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .journal-section-heading,
    .journal-latest-header {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .journal-section-heading > p {
        max-width: none;
        text-align: left;
    }

    .journal-latest-header__browse {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .journal-article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr);
    }

    .journal-article-card__actions {
        grid-column: 2;
        min-width: 0;
        flex-direction: row;
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
    .journal-brandbar__links {
        display: none;
    }

    .journal-modern .journal-content {
        padding-left: 14px !important;
        padding-right: 14px !important;
    }

    .journal-metrics-section,
    .journal-home .journal-latest-panel {
        padding: 19px;
        border-radius: 17px;
    }

    .journal-metrics-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .journal-metric-card {
        min-height: 150px;
    }

    .journal-article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 11px;
        padding: 16px;
    }

    .journal-article-card__number {
        width: 38px;
        height: 32px;
        border-radius: 9px;
    }

    .journal-article-card__actions {
        grid-column: 1;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }
}