PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 30 (1) Mar. 2022 / JSSH-8329-2021

 

Social Media Influence Towards Understanding, Awareness and Perception on Royal Institutions: Empirical Study on Young Millennials

Siti Sara Ibrahim, Masitah Ahmad, Wan Admiza Wan Hassan, Abd Halim Mohd Noor and Abdul Halim Ramli

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 30, Issue 1, March 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.1.19

Keywords: Awareness, millennial, perception, royal institution, social media, understanding

Published on: 16 March 2022

Social media currently plays a major role in the lives of young millennials (Gen Z) who primarily use technology to communicate, express their opinions and gather information. From one angle, social media usage brings significant benefits; the failure to use it wisely can lead to negative impacts. In the context of the Royal Institution, the liberty to use social media to express personal and public sentiments has led many youths to disregard protocol and to hurl insults to the Rulers. On the other hand, positive social media usage in this context can boost favourable perceptions of the Royal Institution. Hence, this study aims to examine how the level of understanding and awareness about our Royal Institution amongst young millennials can significantly influence their perceptions about the institution as reflected via social media. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires distributed to 393 respondents comprising youths born after 1994 to fulfil the research criteria of young millennials (Gen Z). The partial least squares method was adopted for data analysis. It is confirmed that the hypothesis on the significant influence of understanding and awareness gathered from social media has reflected young millennials’ perception of our Royal Institutions. The findings are significantly important to facilitate the government in formulating policies or guidelines towards establishing positive social media usage that can nurture general respect for the Royal Institution and ultimately a harmonious social relationship between the people and the institution.

  • Abimbola, A. F., Bakar, H. S. A., Mat, M. Z., & Adebambo, O. H. (2020). Evaluating the influence of resident agencies’ participation in flood management via social media, in Nigeria. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 28(4), 2765-2785. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.28.4.15

  • Ahmed, M., Li, Y., Waqas, M., Sheraz, M., Jin, D., & Han, Z. (2018). A survey on socially aware device-to-device communications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(3), 2169-2197. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2820069

  • Akter, S., D’Ambra, J., & Ray, P. (2011). Trustworthiness in mHealth information services: An assessment of a hierarchical model with mediating and moderating effects using partial least squares (PLS). Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21442

  • Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media and technology 2018. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/

  • Arif, Z. M. (2018, August 16). Reform royal institution to ensure it stays relevant, says IIUM law lecturer. New Straits Times (NST). https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/402089/reform-royal-institution-ensure-it-stays-relevant-says-iium-law-lecturer

  • Arigo, D., Pagoto, S., Carter-Harris, L., Lillie, S. E., & Nebeker, C. (2018). Using social media for health research: Methodological and ethical considerations for recruitment and intervention delivery. Digital Health, 4, 2055207618771757. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207618771757

  • Ashaari, M. F., Rasit, R. M., Ismail, Z., & Ramzy, M. I. (2020). Islamic discourse in the Facebook of Mufti Departments in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 17, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.17.2020.170

  • Brosdahl, D. J. C., & Carpenter, J. M. (2011). Shopping orientations of US males: A generational cohort comparison. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(6), 548-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.07.005

  • Carroll, B., & Hollinshead, G. (1993). Equal opportunities: Race and gender in physical education: A case study. In J. Evans (Ed.), Equality, equity and physical education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315399867

  • Chaudhary, M. (2018). Profiling children as consumers: An Indian study. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26(4), 2523-2539.

  • Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018

  • Cohen, J. (1977). The concepts of power analysis. In J. Cohen (Ed.), Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-17). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-179060-8.50006-2

  • Dafrizal, F. I., & Ahmad, F. (2011). Framing of controversial caricatures of Prophet Muhammad: A study of two Malaysian mainstream newspapers. Jurnal Komunikasi, 27(2), 77-95.

  • Emanuelson, E. J. (2017). Fake left, fake right: Promoting an informed public in the era of alternative facts. Administrative Law Review, 70(1), 209-232.

  • Fisher, D. (2021). The right to communicate: A philosophical framework for the debate evolving perspectives on the right to communicate. In L. S. Harms & J. Richstad (Eds.), Evolving perspectives on the right to communicate (pp. 85-104). University of Hawaii Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824885403-013

  • Fritz, N., & Flaherty, M. (2002). Unjust Order: Malaysia’s Internal Security Act. Fordham Int’l LJ, 26, 1345.

  • Garland, R. (1991). The mid-point on a rating scale: Is it desirable. Marketing Bulletin, 2(1), 66-70.

  • Glaser, P., Liu, J. H., Hakim, M. A., Vilar, R., & Zhang, R. (2018). Is social media use for networking positive or negative? Offline social capital and internet addiction as mediators for the relationship between social media use and mental health. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 47(3), 12-18.

  • Griffith, J. (1989). The official secrets act 1989. JL & Soc’y, 16, 273.

  • Greenhow, C. (2011). Youth, learning, and social media. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 45(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.45.2.a

  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Thiele, K. O. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall: A comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x

  • Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128

  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), New challenges to international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014

  • Hung, K. H., & Li, S. Y. (2007). The influence of eWOM on virtual consumer communities: Social capital, consumer learning, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 485-495. https://doi.org/10.2501/S002184990707050X

  • Iversen, T., & Soskice, D. (2019). Democracy and prosperity: Reinventing capitalism through a turbulent century. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv4g1r3n

  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Guildford Press.

  • Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., & Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media & mobile internet use among teens and young adults. Pew internet & American life project. http://www.sbhihelp.org/files/social-media-young-adults.pdf

  • Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology, 22(140), 55.

  • Luan, N. M., Halim, W. P. M. W., & Hafifi, A. A. M. (2021). Relationship between online interethnic interactions on interethnic bridging social capital: A study of academic staff in Malaysian private universities. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 29(2), 1313-1334. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.2.30

  • Mahmud, W. A. W., & Pitchan, M. A. (2017). Media baharu dan Institusi Raja di Malaysia: kes penghinaan raja-raja di media sosial [New Media and the Royal Institution in Malaysia: Cases of Insult to the Rulers in social media]. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(1), 406-422. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2017-3301-27

  • Malawani, A. D., Nurmandi, A., Purnomo, E. P., & Rahman, T. (2020). Social media in aid of post disaster management. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(2), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-09-2019-0088

  • Markom, R., Zainol, Z. A., & Fuad, N. A. (2019). Literasi perundangan media baharu dalam kalangan belia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(3), 372-389. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2019-3503-22

  • Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018). Middle school students’ social media use. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 213-224. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26273881

  • Masum, A., & Desa, M. R. M. (2014). Media and the libel law: The Malaysian experience. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 34-41.

  • Matell, M. S., & Jacoby, J. (1972). Is there an optimal number of alternatives for Likert-scale items? Effects of testing time and scale properties. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(6), 506-509.

  • Milkman, R. (2017). A new political generation: Millennials and the post-2008 wave of protest. American Sociological Review, 82(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416681031

  • Mohamad, B., Dauda, S. A., & Halim, H. (2018). Youth offline political participation: Trends and role of social media. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 34(3), 172-192. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2018-3403-11

  • Mustafa, S. E. (2016). Penggunaan laman sosial dan impaknya terhadap hubungan persahabatan dalam talian [Use of Social Media Web and Its Impact on Online Friendships]. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32(2), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2016-3202-04

  • Mustafa, S. E., & Hamzah, A. (2011). Media baharu yang baharu: Trend penggunaan jaringan sosial dalam kalangan pengguna di Malaysia [New New Media: Trends in the Use of Social Networks Among Consumers in Malaysia]. Malaysian Journal of Media Studies, 13(2), 93-110.

  • Mustaffa, C. S. b., & Ibrahim, N. Z. M. (2014). Persepsi dan penggunaan media sosial dari perspektif ibu bapa: Satu analisis kualitatif. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 30(Special Issue), 43-74.

  • Mustapha, R., & Abdullah, A. (2004). Malaysia transitions toward a knowledge-based economy. Journal of Technology Studies, 30(3), 51-61.

  • Ninan, N., Roy, J. C., & Cheriyan, D. N. K. (2020). Influence of social media marketing on the purchase intention of Gen Z. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(1), 1692-1702. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/3734

  • Omar, F. I., Hassan, N. A., Sallehuddin, I. S., & Abdullah, N. H. (2016). Gen Y: A Study on Social Media Use and Outcomes. Journal of Management and Muamalah, 6(1), 53-64. https://jmm.kuis.edu.my/index.php/jurnal/article/view/98

  • Omar, F. I., & Sallehuddin, I. S. (2011). Media sosial: kajian tentang penglibatan dan kepuasan dalam kalangan mahasiswa. Proceeding of the International Conference on Media and Communication, Malaysia, 11, 1-12.

  • Patrick, Z., & Hee, O. C. (2021). Affiliate marketing in SMEs: The moderating effect of developmental culture. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 29(2), 1249-1271. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.2.27

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

  • Pornel, J. B., & Saldaña, G. A. (2013). Four common misuses of the Likert scale. Philippine Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities University of the Philippines Visayas, 18(2), 12-19.

  • Prakashyadav, G., & Rai, J. (2017). The Generation Z and their social media usage: A review and a research outline. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 9(2), 110-116.

  • Roengtam, S., Nurmandi, A., Almarez, D. N., & Kholid, A. (2017). Does social media transform city government? A case study of three ASEAN cities. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(3), 343-376. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-10-2016-0071

  • Rykov, Y., Koltsova, O., & Sinyavskaya, Y. (2020). Effects of user behaviors on accumulation of social capital in an online social network. PLOS ONE, 15(4), e0231837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231837

  • Saad, H. M. (2020). A brief history of Malaysia: Texts and materials. Pena Hijrah Resources. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=lozhDwAAQBAJ

  • Salman, A., & Pulungan, S. M. (2017). Pendedahan diri, motivasi dan kepuasan penggunaan Facebook dalam menjalin persahabatan [Self Disclosure, Motivation and Satisfaction using Facebook in Establishing Friendship]. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(1), 438-459.

  • Shiang, L. S., Chibundu, I. S., & Wilson, S. (2021). The missing narratives: Exploring the experiences of Malaysian journalists and family members and friends of victims during the MH370 aviation crisis. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 29(2), 1193-1211. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.2.24

  • Sreedharam, R. K., & Jalil, F. (2013). The Challenges in Controlling Malaysian Bloggers with the Sedition Act 1948. GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS), 2(2), 70.

  • Stevens, R., Gilliard-Matthews, S., Dunaev, J., Woods, M. K., & Brawner, B. M. (2016). The digital hood: Social media use among youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods. New Media & Society, 19(6), 950-967. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815625941

  • Subedi, B. P. (2016). Using Likert type data in social science research: Confusion, issues and challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Sciences, 3(2), 36-49.

  • Tai, Z. (2006). The Internet in China: Cyberspace and civil society (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203944073

  • Warsihna, J. (2020). Behavior of millennials in using internet for learning. In Kusmawan, U., Aisyah, S., Rokhiyah, I., & Sukmayadi, D. (Eds.), Emerging perspectives and trends in innovative technology for quality education 4.0 (pp. 201-205). Routledge.

  • Whittaker, E., & Kowalski, R. M. (2015). Cyberbullying via social media. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.949377

  • You, L., & Hon, L. (2019). How social ties contribute to collective actions on social media: A social capital approach. Public Relations Review, 45(4), 101771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.04.005

  • Zhang, M. W., Ho, C. S., Fang, P., Lu, Y., & Ho, R. C. (2014). Usage of social media and smartphone application in assessment of physical and psychological well-being of individuals in times of a major air pollution crisis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2(1), e16-e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.2827

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JSSH-8329-2021

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Recent Articles