PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 31 (2) Jun. 2023 / JSSH-8259-2021

 

The Mediating Role of Depression on the Relationship Between Personal Resources and Recovery Motivation Among Individuals with Drug Abuse Problems

Asbah Razali, Norhidayah Pauzi, Zainal Madon and Mohd Najmi Daud

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 31, Issue 2, June 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.2.12

Keywords: Depression, drug abuse, motivation, optimistic, recovery, self-efficacy, self-esteem

Published on: 16 June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personal resources, depression, recovery motivation, and the mediating role of depression among drug abusers. It samples 50 individuals identified with drug abuse problems aged between 16 to 35 years who participated in a treatment programme for drug abuse problems in Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centres. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire using five instruments: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE), The Life Orientation Scale (TLOS), and Commitment to Sobriety (CSS). Data were analysed through SPSS 23 and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). In the path model, the results demonstrate that personal resources are significantly associated with depression. The finding indicates the significant reciprocal relationship between depression and recovery motivation. The results of this study also reveal the importance of depression in mediating the relationship between personal resources and recovery motivation. This study proposes that high levels of depression could potentially decrease the possibility of recovery motivation in an individual. It can also be concluded that a significant relationship exists between personal resources, depression, and recovery motivation, with depression as a mediator among individuals with drug addiction. These findings imply that mental health issues should also be considered in the treatment plan for people with drug abuse so an individual’s resources can be maximised and their recovery motivation enhanced.

  • Ali, A. Y., & Sigalla, H. L. (2017). The elusive recovery from drug addiction in Pemba: How addicted persons and their families cope. Journal of the Geographical Association of Tanzania, 37(1), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v37i1.148

  • Bandura, A. (2002). Social foundations of thought and action. In D. F. Marks (Ed.), The health psychology reader (pp. 94-106). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6

  • Best, D., Beckwith, M., Haslam, C., Alexander Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Mawson, E., & Lubman, D. I. (2016). Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: The social identity model of recovery (SIMOR). Addiction Research and Theory, 24(2), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2015.1075980

  • Brevers, D., Bechara, A., Kilts, C. D., Antoniali, V., Bruylant, A., Verbanck, P., Kornreich, C., & Noël, X. (2018). Competing motivations: Proactive response inhibition toward addiction-related stimuli in quitting-motivated individuals. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(3), 785-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9722-2

  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301

  • Chan, G. H. Y., Lo, T. W., Tam, C. H. L., & Lee, G. K. W. (2019). Intrinsic motivation and psychological connectedness to drug abuse and rehabilitation: The perspective of self-determination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1934-1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111934

  • Chen, G. (2018). Building recovery capital: The role of “Hitting Bottom” in desistance and recovery from substance abuse and crime. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 50(5), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2018.1517909

  • D’Souza, N. (2016). Anger and self-esteem amongst alcohol addicts and drug addicts. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 3(4), 459-463. https://doi.org/10.30877/ijmh.3.4.2016.459-463

  • DiClemente, C. C., Carbonari, J. P., Montgomery, R. P. G., & Hughes, S. O. (1994). The alcohol abstinence self-efficacy scale. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1994.55.141

  • Duckworth, A. L., Gendler, T. S., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Situational strategies for self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(1), 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615623247

  • Dum, M., Pickren, J., Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (2008). Comparing the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 with outpatient substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors, 33(2), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.017

  • Fredericks, J., & Samuel, E. (2014). Drugs and recovery: A qualitative study in Atlantic Canada. American International Journal of Social Science, 3(2), 28-34.

  • Galla, B. M., & Duckworth, A. L. (2015). More than resisting temptation: Beneficial habits mediate the relationship between self-control and positive life outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 508-525. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000026

  • Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial least squares. Regression and structural equation models. Statistical Publishing Associates.

  • Ghani, N. A., Ghazalli, F. S. M., Abdullah, B., Mohd, Z., & Yunus, A. M. (2018). Addict’s expectations and hopes towards their family during drug rehabilitation. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(12), 531-536. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i12/3634

  • Grodin, E. N., Lim, A. C., MacKillop, J., Karno, M. P., & Ray, L. A. (2019). An examination of motivation to change and neural alcohol cue reactivity following a brief intervention. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00408

  • Gunn, A., & Samuels, G. M. (2020). Promoting recovery identities among mothers with histories of addiction: Strategies of family engagement. Family Process, 59(1), 94-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12413

  • Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

  • Hair, J. F., Jr., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage Publications.

  • Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128

  • Hiller, M. L., Broome, K. M., Knight, K., & Simpson, D. D. (2000). Measuring self-efficacy among drug-involved probationers. Psychological Reports, 86(2), 529-538. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.529

  • Kelly, J. F., & Greene, M. C. (2014). Beyond motivation: Initial validation of the commitment to sobriety scale. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(2), 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.06.010

  • Kelly, J. F., Stout, R. L., Greene, M. C., & Slaymaker, V. (2014). Young adults, social networks, and addiction recovery: Post treatment changes in social ties and their role as a mediator of 12-step participation. PLoS ONE, 9(6), Article e100121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100121

  • Kitinisa, P. (2019). Self-Esteem, depression and substance abuse among school going adolescents. Makerere University.

  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ‐9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

  • Linke, S. E., Robinson, C. J., & Pekmezi, D. (2013). Applying psychological theories to promote healthy lifestyles. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 8(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827613487496

  • Liu, R. T., Kleiman, E. M., Nestor, B. A., & Cheek, S. M. (2015). The hopelessness theory of depression: A quarter-century in review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 22(4), 345-365. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12125

  • Locke, E. A., & Bandura, A. (1987). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. The Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 169-171. https://doi.org/10.2307/258004

  • Mokuolu, B. O., & Adedotun, A. S. (2020). Impact of self-efficacy and social support on intention to quit drug use among people with drug abuse cases. Advances in Research, 21(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.9734/air/2020/v21i130182

  • Morgenstern, J., Kuerbis, A., Houser, J., Muench, F. J., Shao, S., & Treloar, H. (2016). Within-person associations between daily motivation and self-efficacy and drinking among problem drinkers in treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(6), 630-638. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000204

  • Müller, A., Znoj, H., & Moggi, F. (2019). How are self-efficacy and motivation related to drinking five years after residential treatment? A longitudinal multicenter study. European Addiction Research, 25(5), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1159/000500520

  • Ottu, I. F. A., & Umoren, A. M. (2020). Social influence processes and life orientation in risk perception of drug use among undergraduates. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 19(2), 137-148.

  • Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Santoso, T. I., Sunarsi, D., & Ilham, D. (2021). Education research quantitative analysis for little respondents: Comparing of Lisrel, Tetrad, GSCA, Amos, SmartPLS, WarpPLS, and SPSS. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 335-351.

  • Rajabi, F., & Salmanpour, S. (2019). Comparison of resiliency, optimism and social self-efficacy in delinquent and normal adolescents. Social and Management Research Journal, 16(2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v16i2.7066

  • Razali, A., & Madon, Z. (2020). Predictor factor on relapse among former addicts. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(16), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i16/8311

  • Razali, A., Madon, Z., & Hassan, M. S. (2021). Women and substance abuse: Examining the factors influencing relapse. Asian Women, 37(3), 51-73. https://doi.org/10.14431/aw.2021.9.37.3.51

  • Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. RE Krieger.

  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063

  • Singh, T. K., & Saxena, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence and self esteem of alcohol and cannabis dependents. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 1(4), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.25215/0104.011

  • Skóra, M. N., Pattij, T., Beroun, A., Kogias, G., Mielenz, D., de Vries, T., Radwanska, K., & Müller, C. P. (2020). Personality driven alcohol and drug abuse: New mechanisms revealed. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.023

  • Subramaniam, P., Rogowska, J., DiMuzio, J., Lopez-Larson, M., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2018). Orbitofrontal connectivity is associated with depression and anxiety in marijuana-using adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.002

  • Tatum, A. K., & Houston, E. (2017). Examining the interplay between depression, motivation, and antiretroviral therapy adherence: A social cognitive approach. AIDS Care, 29(3), 306-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1220481

  • Tran, T., Hagen, A. E. F., Hollenstein, T., & Bowie, C. R. (2020). Physical-and cognitive-effort-based decision-making in depression: Relationships to symptoms and functioning. Clinical Psychological Science, 9(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620949236

  • Wang, L., Xu, B., Gu, Y., Zhu, J., & Liang, Y. (2019). The mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression in heroin addicts. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(3), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22133

  • Wangdi, K., & Jamtsho, T. (2019). Drug use among teenagers and young adults in Bhutan. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(6), 535-540. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_348_19

  • Watkins, K. E., Hunter, S. B., Wenzel, S. L., Tu, W., Paddock, S. M., Griffin, A., & Ebener, P. (2004). Prevalence and characteristics of clients with co-occurring disorders in outpatient substance abuse treatment. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 30(4), 749-764. https://doi.org/10.1081/ADA-200037538

  • Wickersham, A., Leightley, D., Archer, M., & Fear, N. T. (2020). The association between paternal psychopathology and adolescent depression and anxiety: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescence, 79(1), 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.007

  • Woldgabreal, Y., Day, A., & Ward, T. (2016). Linking positive psychology to offender supervision outcomes. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(6), 697-721. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854815620816

  • World Health Organization. (2019). Mental health and substance use. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JSSH-8259-2021

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Related Articles