e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702
Hanady Elyas Osman, Huda Osama, Mohamed Yousef, Amal Alsalamah, Lubna Bushara and Ikhlas Abdalaziz
Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 31, Issue 3, April 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.3.11
Keywords: Computed tomography, diabetes mellitus (DM), fatty liver, hounsfield units, liver enzyme
Published on: 7 April 2023
People with fatty liver disease are at major risk of liver cirrhosis and malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between fatty liver and diabetes features on computed tomography (CT) using Hounsfield units for the liver and spleen. The research was conducted in Jeddah Hospital’s Medical Imaging Department and CT scan department from March 2018 until March 2020. A total of 50 patients with diabetes were chosen randomly, with males (26) and females (24) ranging in age from 31 to 80 years old. Descriptive statistics of body mass index were recorded for the liver and the spleen; the main liver enzymes were Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, which were measured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program, version 23. We found a significant correlation of ALT and direct bilirubin with liver and spleen HU at p value < 0.017 and < 0.073, respectively; the mean and standard deviation for the other liver enzymes GGT, albumin, and total bilirubin in segment 3 of the left liver were 45.48 ± 7.077 HU, 45.00 ± 7.797 HU, 36.67 ± 5.776 HU, and 37.23 ± 4.885 HU, respectively. We concluded that fatty liver is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms such as high ALT and direct bilirubin, with no significant association between GGT, albumin, total bilirubin, and liver and spleen HU.
Ballestri, S., Lonardo, A., Romagnoli, D., Carulli, L., Losi, L., Day, C. P., & Loria, P. (2012). Ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator, a novel score which rules out Nash and is correlated with metabolic parameters in NAFLD. Liver International, 32(8), 1242-1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02804.x
Lonardo, A., Bellentani, S., Argo, C. K., Ballestri, S., Byrne, C. D., Caldwell, S. H., Cortez-Pinto, H., Grieco, A., Machado, M. V., Miele, L., & Targher, G. (2015). Epidemiological modifiers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on high-risk groups. Digestive and Liver Disease, 47(12), 997-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.08.004
Manaviat, M. R., Rashidi, M., Afkhami-Ardekani, M., & Shoja, M. R. (2008). Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Ophthalmology, 8(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-8-10
Matteoni, C., Younossi, Z., Gramlich, T., Boparai, N., Liu, Y., & Mccullough, A. (1999). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology, 116(6), 1413-1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70506-8
Nagata, N., Sakamoto, K., Arai, T., Niikura, R., Shimbo, T., Shinozaki, M., Aoki, T., Kishida, Y., Sekine, K., Tanaka, S., Okubo, H., Watanabe, K., Sakurai, T., Yokoi, C., Akiyama, J., Yanase, M., Noda, M., Itoh, T., Mizokami, M., & Uemura, N. (2014). Visceral abdominal fat measured by computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. International Journal of Cancer, 135(10), 2273-2281. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28872
Nakahara, T., Hyogo, H., Yoneda, M., Sumida, Y., Eguchi, Y., Fujii, H., Ono, M., Kawaguchi, T., Imajo, K., Aikata, H., Tanaka, S., Kanemasa, K., Fujimoto, K., Anzai, K., Saibara, T., Sata, M., Nakajima, A., Itoh, Y., Chayama, K., & Okanoue, T. (2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the fibrosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large retrospective cohort of Japanese patients. Journal of Gastroenterology, 49(11), 1477-1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-013-0911-1
Osama, H., Siddig, A., Gareeballah, A., Gameraddin, M., & Osman, H. E. (2020). Evaluation of liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus using unenhanced computed tomography. International Journal of Biomedicine, 10(4), 402-406. https://doi.org/10.21103/article10(4)_oa14
Osawa, H., & Mori, Y. (1996). Sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver using a histogram technique that compares liver and renal cortical echo amplitudes. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 24(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096(199601)24:1<25::aid-jcu4>3.0.co;2-n
Sakitani, K., Enooku, K., Kubo, H., Tanaka, A., Arai, H., Kawazu, S., & Koike, K. (2017). Clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus and fatty liver diagnosed by liver/spleen Hounsfield units on CT Scan. Journal of International Medical Research, 45(3), 1208-1220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060517707672
Whiting, D. R., Guariguata, L., Weil, C., & Shaw, J. (2011). IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 94(3), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.029
World Health Organization. (1999). Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a who consultation. Part 1, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66040
Yoneda, M., Iwasaki, T., Fujita, K., Kirikoshi, H., Inamori, M., Nozaki, Y., Maeyama, S., Wada, K., Saito, S., Terauchi, Y., & Nakajima, A. (2007). Hypoadiponectinemia plays a crucial role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of visceral adipose tissue. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(s1), S15-S21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00281.x
ISSN 0128-7702
e-ISSN 2231-8534
Related Articles