Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 31 (2) Mar. 2023 / JST-3657-2022

 

Aquaculture Wastewater Quality Improvement by Floating Raft of Native Aquatic Plants in An Giang Province, Vietnam

Khanh Tran Thien Nguyen, Chi Thi Dao Vo, An Thuy Ngo, Nghi Thanh Doan, Luyen Phuc Huynh and Dung Huynh Thuy Tran

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 31, Issue 2, March 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.2.06

Keywords: Aquaculture wastewater, Commelina diffusa, Eichhornia crassipes, floating raft, Ipomoea aquatica, wastewater treatment, water quality

Published on: 20 March 2023

The development of aquaculture in An Giang province posed a risk of lowering the surface water quality of the Mekong River. This study assessed the pollution level of surface water affected by aquaculture areas in the province and the efficiency of the floating raft of native aquatic plants on aquaculture wastewater quality improvement. Water samples were analyzed for SS, COD, BOD5, N-NH4+, Total N, and Total P. The Water Quality Index was calculated according to the Vietnamese technical guidelines (VN_WQI). The quadrat method was applied to determine the density of aquatic plants. The result showed that surface water quality affected by aquaculture areas in An Giang province did not meet national standards, and the WQI ranged from heavy to good pollution. Experimental results showed that when using the treatment tank, including floating rafts of Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Morning glory plants (Ipomoea aquatica), and Climbing dayflower (Commelina diffusa), the removal percentages of SS, COD, BOD5, N-NH4+, Total N, and Total P were 92.6%, 89.6%, 93.9%, 93.4%, 64.3%, and 94.6%, respectively, in the first three months of the farming season. The removal percentages of SS, COD, BOD5, N-NH4+, Total N, and Total P were 92.7%, 89.9%, 91.5%, 93.6%, 67.8%, and 94%, respectively, in the fourth month until fish harvest in the treatment tank. Therefore, floating rafts of native aquatic plants could absorb nutrients and quickly remove pollutants. The quality of aquaculture wastewater after treatment was significantly improved.

  • An Giang Center for Environmental Monitoring and Techniques, Resources. (2019). Report on results of environmental monitoring in An Giang province November, 2019. People’s Committee of An Giang province. https://media.angiang.gov.vn/pictures/2021/01/31/58_dinh%20kem_cong%20bo%20hien%20trang%20moi%20truong%20ag%202016-2020.pdf

  • An Giang Department of Natural Resources and Environment. (2020). Report on environmental status of An Giang province in the period 2016-2020. People’s Committee of An Giang province. https://media.angiang.gov.vn/quan%20trac%20moi%20truong/2019/12/BC%20Ket%20qua%20quan%20trac%20dot%20T11_2019.pdf

  • Bin, L., Zhongshuo, X., Jianguo, L., & Xiaoli, C. (2018). Removal of water nutrients by different aquatic plant species: An alternative way to remediate polluted rural rivers. Ecological Engineering, 110,18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.09.016

  • Dan, T. H., Duy, N. P., & Tho, B. T. (2012). The distribution of aquatic plants in the organic polluted canals in Can Tho City, Vietnam in rainy season. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 23a, 283-293.

  • de Vasconcelos, V. M., de Morais, E. R. C., Faustino, S. J. B., Hernandez, M. C. R., Gaudêncio, H. R. D. S. C., de Melo, R. R., & Junior, A. P. B. (2021). Floating aquatic macrophytes for the treatment of aquaculture effluents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(3), 2600-2607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11308-8

  • Fedler, C. B., & Duan, R. (2011). Biomass production for bioenergy using recycled wastewater in a natural waste treatment system. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(8), 793-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.04.001

  • Fedler, C. B., Hammond, R., Chennupati, P., & Ranjan, R. (2007). Biomass Energy Potential from Recycled Wastewater. Texas Tech University. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3061.8009

  • Giao, N. T., Nhien, H. T. H., Anh, P. K., & Van Ni, D. (2021). Classification of water quality in low-lying area in Vietnamese Mekong delta using set pair analysis method and Vietnamese water quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09102-1

  • Grosse, W. (1989). Thermoosmotic air transport in aquatic plants affecting growth activities and oxygen diffusion to wetland soils. In D. A. Hammer (Ed.), Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment (1st ed., pp. 416-469). Lewis Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069850

  • Ha, N. N., Huong, T. T. T., & Van, T. T. (2021). Surface water pollution risk from Vietnam Water Quality Index (VN-WQI) in the Ca Mau City, Mekong Delta. Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 20(4), 1449-1464. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2021.v20i04.007

  • Ho, P. H. (1999a). An illustrated flora of Vietnam (Part 1). Tre Publishing House.

  • Ho, P. H. (1999b). An illustrated flora of Vietnam (Part 2). Tre Publishing House.

  • Ho, P. H. (1999c). An illustrated flora of Vietnam (Part 3). Tre Publishing House.

  • Khanh, N., Kitaya, Y., Xiao, L., Endo, R., & Shibuya, T. (2013). Selection of microalgae suitable for culturing with digestate from methane fermentation. Environmental Technology, 34(13-14), 2039-2045. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.828093

  • Khanh, N., Kitaya, Y., Xiao, L., Endo, R., & Shibuya, T. (2015). Microalgae culture with digestate from methane fermentation - Effects of pH and concentrations of digestate on growth of Euglena gracilis. Eco-Engineering, 27(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.11450/seitaikogaku.27.7

  • Khoi, C. M., Dung, N. V. C., & Nhien, C. T. (2012). Khả năng xử lý ô nhiễm đạm, lân hữu cơ hòa tan trong nuớc thải ao nuôi cá tra của lục bình (Eichhorina crassipes) và cỏ vetiver (Vetiver zizanioides) [Amelioration of organic nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in catfish ponds by using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and vetiver (Vetiver zizanioides)]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 21b, 151-160.

  • Kieu, C. L. D., Quoc, N. P., Huynh, N. T. T., & Diễm, T. N. T. (2015). Diễn biến thành phần đạm của nước thải ao nuôi thâm canh cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) trong điều kiện thủy canh cỏ mồm mỡ (Hymenachne acutigluma) [The changes of nitrogen in wastewater from intensive catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in hydraphic conditions of Hymenachnegrass (Hymenachne acutigluma)]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 2015, 80-87.

  • Koo, S. J., Kwon, Y. W., Chin, D. V., & Chung, H. A. (2000). Common Weeds in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City Agricultural Publishing House.

  • Lan, T. T., & Long, N. P. (2011). Assessment of surface water quality by Water Quality Index (WQI) at the Cai Sao canal, An Giang province, Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23(7), Article 151.

  • Li, W., & Li, Z. (2009). In situ nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica on floating beds. Water Science & Technology, 59(10), 1937-1943. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.191

  • Lipps, W. C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018a). 2540 Solids. In: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. APHA Press.

  • Lipps, W.C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018b). 2550 temperature. APHA Press.

  • Lipps, W.C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018c). 4500 - P Phosphorus. APHA Press.

  • Lipps, W.C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018d). 4500-NO3- Nitrogen (Nitrate). APHA Press.

  • Lipps, W.C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018e). 5220 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). APHA Press.

  • Lipps, W.C., Baxter, T. E., & Braun-Howland, E. (Eds.). (2018f). 5210 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). APHA Press.

  • Loc, N. T., Thu, V. T. C., Thinh, D. C., & Hang, P. T. (2015). Evaluation of treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater by aquatic plants. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 2015, 119-128.

  • Minh, K. C., Chi, D. N. V., & Thi, Nhien, C. (2012). Khả năng xử lý ô nhiễm đạm, lân hữu cơ hòa tan trong nuớc thải ao nuôi cá tra của lục bình (Eichhorina crassipes) và cỏ vetiver (Vetiver zizanioides) [The ability to treat organic nitrogen and phosphorus of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and vetiver (Vetiver zizanioides) in ponds used for intensive catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cultivation]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 21b, 151-160.

  • Nam, T. S., Ingvorsen, K., Khanh, H. V., Kha, L. T. M., Thao, H. V., Viet, L. H., Chiem, N. H., & Ngan, N. V. C. (2017). Khả năng sinh khí biogas của rơm và lục bình theo phương pháp ủ yếm khí theo mẻ với hàm lượng chất rắn khác nhau [The possibility of producing biogas from rice straw and water hyacinth at different VS’s concentration in batch anaerobic experiment]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 1, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jsi.2017.035

  • Ngan, N. V. C., Thanh, N. T., & Loc, N. H. (2012). Potential use of water hyacinth and rice straw as additional loading materials for biogas digester. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 2012(22a), 213-221.

  • Nguyen, P. Q., Le, H. Y., Cong, N. V., & Phu, T. Q. (2014). Diễn biến một số chỉ tiêu chất lượng nước trong ao nuôi cá tra (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) thâm canh [Variation of some water quality parameters in intensive catfish (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) ponds]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 34, 128-136.

  • Nguyen, T. H. A., Hieu, T. T., Van Tung, T., Thang, N. V., Nguyen, H. K., Quoc Vi, L., Thao, N. T. P., & Thanh Hai, L. (2020). Study on the proposal of a community of freshwater aquaculture and vegetable farming in An Giang. Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment, 4(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v4i1.505

  • Nguyen, T. P. (2013). On-farm feed management practices for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Mekong River Delta, Viet Nam. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 583, 241-267.

  • Nhien, L. T. M., & Trang, N. T. D. (2013). Vai trò của bồn bồn trong hệ thống đất ngập nước kiến tạo xử lý nước thải ao nuôi cá tra thâm canh tuần hoàn kín [The role of Typha orientalis in constructed wetlands for treatment close-recirculated intensive catfish culture]. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 29, 31-36.

  • Polprasert, C., Kongsricharoern, N., & Kanjanaprapin, W. (1994). Production of feed and fertilizer from water Hyacinth plants in the tropics. Waste Management & Research, 12(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0734-242x(94)90016-7

  • Rastogi, A. (1999). Methods in applied ethnobotany: Lesson from the field. In

  • Discussion paper series - Mountain Natural Resources, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (p.72). International Center for Integrated Mountain Development.

  • Rezania, S., Din, M. F. M., Taib, S. M., Dahalan, F. A., Songip, A. R., Singh, L., & Kamyab, H. (2016). The efficient role of aquatic plant (water hyacinth) in treating domestic wastewater in continuous system. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 18(7), 679-685. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2015.1130018

  • Shipin O., Koottatep T., Khanh, N. T. T., & Polprasert, C. (2005). Integrated natural systems for developing communities: Low-tech N-removal through fluctuating microbial pathways. Water Science and Technology, 51(12), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0488

  • Snow, A. M., & Ghaly, A. E. (2008). A Comparative study of the purification of aquaculture wastewater using water Hyacinth, water lettuce and parrot’s feather. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(4), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2008.440.453

  • Soltan, M. (2016). Cage culture of freshwater fish. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4802.2803

  • Vidya, S., & Girish, L. (2014). Water hyacinth as a green manure for organic farming. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, 2(6), 65-72.

  • Viet, L. H., & Hoang, N. X. (2004). Wastewater treatment by water Hyacinth. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 21b, 151-160.

  • Vietnam Environment Administration. (2019). Decision No.1460/QD-TCMT on Promulgating Technical Guidelines for Calculation and Publication of Vietnam Water Quality Index (VN_WQI). https://cem.gov.vn/storage/news_file_attach/QD%201460%20TCMT%20ngay%2012.11.2019%20WQI.pdf

  • Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2011). QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on Industrial Wastewater. https://emas.tdtu.edu.vn/sites/emas/files/EMAS/V%C4%83n%20b%E1%BA%A3n%20ph%C3%A1p%20lu%E1%BA%ADt/qcvn-40-n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc-th%E1%BA%A3i-cn.pdf

  • Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2015). QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT-National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality Of Vietnam. http://cem.gov.vn/storage/documents/5d6f3ecb26484qcvn-08-mt2015btnmt.pdf

  • Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2017). Circular 24/2017/TT-BTNMT on Promulgating Technical Regulations on Environmental Monitoring and Vietnamese Standards and Regulations. http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&mode=detail&document_id=191603&category_id=0

  • Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. (1995). TCVN 5988:1995 -Vietnam National Standard on Water Quality- Determination of Aminonium - Distillation and Titration Method. https://tieuchuan.vsqi.gov.vn/tieuchuan/view?sohieu=TCVN+5988%3A1995

  • Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. (1996). TCVN 6187-2:1996 - Vietnam National Standard on Water Quality-Detection and Enumeration of Organisms Thermotolerant Coliform Organisms and Presumptive Escherichia Coli. Part 2: Multiple Tube (most probable number) method. https://tieuchuan.vsqi.gov.vn/tieuchuan/view?sohieu=TCVN%206187-2:2020

  • Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. (2000). TCVN 6638:2000 -Vietnam National Standard on Water Quality - Determination of Nitrogen - Catalytic Digestion after Reduction with Devarda/'s Alloy https://tieuchuan.vsqi.gov.vn/tieuchuan/view?sohieu=TCVN+6638%3A2000

  • Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. (2011). TCVN 6663-1:2011-Vietnam National standard on water quality-Sampling-Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling. https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/97d7bd92-e92e-4b42-a2b3-6a1d8d00d81d/National%20Technical%20Regulation%20%20on%20Industrial%20Wastewater.pdf

  • Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology. (2016). TCVN 6663-6:2008-Vietnam National standard on water quality-Sampling-Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples. https://tieuchuan.vsqi.gov.vn/tieuchuan/view?sohieu=TCVN%206663-3:2016

  • Zhang, Q., Achal, V., Xu, Y., & Xiang, W. N. (2014). Aquaculture wastewater quality improvement by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal) floating bed and ecological benefit assessment in ecological agriculture district. Aquacultural Engineering, 60, 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.04.002

  • Trang, T., V., Hưng, N., T., Q., & Kỳ, N., M. (2018). Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của cây lục bình (eichhornia crassipes) đến môi trường nước mặt kênh trần văn dõng và đề xuất thu gom sản xuất phân hữu cơ vi sinh [The study of the effects of water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) on surface water resources in tran van dong canal and proposing solutions to make microbial organic fertilizer]. Journal of Environmental and Hydraulic Science Technology, 61, 37-61.