PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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ISSN 0128-7680

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Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology Vol. 34 (3) Jun. 2026

Articles

Review Article - Energy Consumption and Optimisation in Indoor Farming: A Review

Jia Quan Goh, Aimrun Wayayok, Diyana Binti Jamaludin, and Muhamad Saufi Mohd Kassim

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.01

Full Article

Valorisation of Oil Palm Waste into Magnetic Catalysts for Efficient Synthesis of Bio-additive Ethyl Levulinate: Optimisation of Reaction Parameters

Shamala Gowri Krishnan and Pua Fei Ling

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.02

Full Article

YOLOv9-ResCBAM: Enhancing Tomato Ripeness Detection in Greenhouses through Advanced Object Detection

Jalal Uddin Md Akbar, Syafiq Fauzi Kamarulzaman,Muhammad Danial Mohamad Rizwan, Riadul Islam Rabbi, and Ekramul Haque Tusher

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.03

Full Article

Review Article - Exploring Educational User Engagement: A Systematic Mapping of Serious Games with Gesture-based Interaction

Wan Salfarina Wan Husain, Syadiah Nor Wan Shamsuddin, and Normala Rahim

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.04

Full Article

Utilising Innovative Image Preprocessing Techniques in Vehicle Plate Detection and Recognition

Soheir Noori , Asam Almohamed, Elham Mohammed Thabit A. Alsaadi, and Azhar Abbas

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.05

Full Article

Stability, Thermo-physical, and Tribological Properties of SiO₂ Nanoparticles in a Vegetable Oil-based Biodegradable Lubricant for Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining

Nurlisa Hamzan, Muhammad Amir Syafiq Mohd Tarmizi, Nurul Huda Abdul Azid, Ahsana Aqilah Ahmad, Afifah Zakiyyah Juri, and Irnie Azlin Zakaria

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.06

Full Article

Silicon-based Fin Field-Effect Transistor (Si-FinFET) Optimisation Based on Gate Length and Operating Temperature

Yousif Atalla, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, and Yasir Hashim

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.07

Full Article

Design and Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' Propellers based on Biomimetic Design

Saundarya Saran, Rosalam Che Me, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, and Navaneetha Krishna Chandran

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.08

Full Article

A Zero-shot Foundation Model Approach for Real-time Adaptive Cyber Threat Detection

Muhmmad Al-Khiza’ay and Noora Alallaq

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.09

Full Article

Automated Generation of Calculation-based Physics Questions Using Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) for Malaysian Upper Secondary Education

Tuong Kiet Ngang and Chih How Bong

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.10

Full Article

D-Xotic: A Deep Learning Improvement for Recognising Different Durian Cultivars Based on Leaves Signature

Aulia Brilliantina, Tri Agus Siswoyo, Yuli Witono, and Bayu Taruna Widjaja Putra

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.11

Full Article

Noise-Resilient and Low Complexity LACO-OFDM Using Approximation Log-Likelihood Ratio (approxLLR) Soft-decision Demodulation with Single-FFT Receiver

Norzalina Othman and Mohd Rashidi Che Beson

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.12

Full Article

Review Article - A Bibliometric Review of Remote Sensing Applications in Water Surge Risk Mapping for Waterfall Areas

Mohammed M. Y. Albarqouni, Syarifuddin Misbari, Nadiatul Adilah Ahmad Abdul Ghani, and Mohd Faizal Jamlos

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.13

Full Article

Carbon Emissions Quantification from Ceramic Tile Production by Using Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA): A Case Study of PT Sinar Karya Duta Abadi, Indonesia

Ransi Pasae, M. Rijal Idrus, Hazairin Zubair, and Darhamsyah

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.14

Full Article

Field Validation of IES-VE for Daylight Assessment in Tropical High-rise Low-cost Housing: Effects of Building Height, Layout Depth, and Façade Design

Nor Izyan Saleh, Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin, Norafida Ab Ghafar, Zuraina Leily Awaluddin, and Bismiazan Abd.Razak

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.15

Full Article

Gamification for Extended Reality Informative Space (XRIS) Visualisation in the Construction Industry

Changsaar Chai, Anne Ann Yii Chua, and Felix Kai Han Yong

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.16

Full Article

Studying the Effects of Knowledge Distillation and the Fragility of Lightweight BERT-based Models

Allistair Nallie Konsil, Stephanie Chua1, Jacey Lynn Minoi, Md Mizanur Rahman, Gerraint Gillan, Rafazila Ramli, Rasitasam Safii, Ahmad Sofian bin Shminan, and Lee Jun Choi

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.17

Full Article

Enhanced Deepfake Image Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning

Debasish Samal, Dimple Nagpal, Prateek Agrawal, Vishu Madaan, Chhavi Sharma, and Wou Onn Choo

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.18

Full Article

Occupational Health Implications of High-frequency Whole-body Vibration Exposure in Mine Workers

S. Joel Vinoth Singh, I. Siva, JT. Winowlin Jappes, and Chithirai Pon Selvan

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.19

Full Article

A Lidar and IoT Integrated Approach for Intelligent Monitoring of Lubricant Liquid Levels: A Lab Scale Study on Petronas Products

Nur Shaebah Mat Hussain, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, Siti Azfanizam Ahmad, and Zulkifli Mohamed

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.20

Full Article

Human-in-the-Loop Soft Prompt Tuning for Adverse Drug Event Extraction from Clinical Notes

Salisu Modi, Khairul Azhar Kasmiran, Nurfadhlina Mohd Sharef, and Mohd Yunus Sharum

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.21

Full Article

Empirical Analysis of Factors in User Control Model for Cloud Data Migration

Ishak Iskandar, Imbaji Injuwe Danga, Hamidah Ibrahim, and Fatimah Sidi

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.22

Full Article

Towards Inherently Safer Dry Reforming for Carbon Capture: Trends, Gaps, and Insights

Fatin Aliya, Mardhati Zainal Abidin, and Azizul Buang

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.23

Full Article

An IoT-enabled Decision Support System for Real-time Line Balancing in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Nur Ain Qistina Muhammad Shafee, Effendi Mohamad, Mohd Soufhwee Abd Rahman, Arfauz A. Rahman, and Teruaki Ito

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.24

Full Article

Review Article - Optical Sensing Techniques for Microplastic Identification: Comparative Evaluation, Limitations, and Future Recommendations

Muhammad Nurullah Waliyullah Mohamed Nazli1, Irneza Ismail1*, Fatin Hamimi Mustafa2, Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail1, Juliza Jamaludin1, and Latiffah Karim

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.25

Full Article

Quantitative Evaluation of Machine Learning-based Land Use Classification with Multispectral Satellite Data

Krati Bansal, Anindita Nath, Tanupriya Choudhury, Bappaditya Koley, and Jitendra Rajpurohit

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.26

Full Article

Multi-task Deep Learning Pipeline for Rice Field Classification and Growth Monitoring Using Drone Imagery

Youssef Yasser Salaheldin Elhammamy, Chung Gwo Chin, Gan Ming Tao, Chan Kah Yoong, and Pang Wai Leong

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.3.27

Full Article