Amiruzie Ramli and Roziah Mohd Rasdi
Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 29, Issue 1, March 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.1.37
Keywords: Human capital, intellectual capital, learning organization, relational capital, rural development organization, structural capital
Published on: 26 March 2021
Given the considerable intangible resources within organizations in the public sector must be put to good use, e.g. to enhance organizational learning. This study examined three intellectual dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and relational) in a rural development organization and their contributions to a learning organization. Using simple random sampling, research data were obtained from 153 managers, including Heads of Department at the Headquarters and at Regional and Settlement Offices covering Peninsular Malaysia’s Northern, Southern, Central, and Eastern regions. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression were carried out and the results supported the hypotheses that the dimensions of intellectual capital, namely human, structural and relational capital, were positively correlated with the learning organization, with structural capital being the most significant predictor.
Akhtar, S., Awan, S. H., Ismail, K., & Naveed, S. (2017). Social capital and learning organisation: Is it worth to engage in networking? International Journal of Learning and Change, 9(3), 208-227. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLC.2017.086853
Albertini, E. (2016). An inductive typology of the interrelations between different components of intellectual capital. Management Decision, 54(4), 887-901. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2015-0425
Asiaei, K., Jusoh, R., & Bontis, N. (2018). Intellectual capital and performance measurement systems in Iran. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 19(2), 294-320.
Barau, A. S., & Said, I. (2016). From goodwill to good deals: FELDA land resettlement scheme and the ascendancy of the landless poor in Malaysia. Land Use Policy, 54, 423-431.
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen Jr., D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(6), 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(01)00114-3
Benevene, P., & Cortini, M. (2010). Interaction between structural capital and human capital in Italian NPOs: Leadership, organizational culture and human resource management. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(2), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931011039642
Bhaskar, A. U., & Mishra, B. (2017). Exploring relationship between learning organizations dimensions and organizational performance. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 12(3), 593-609. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-01-2016-0026
Bluman, A. G. (2001). Elementary statistics: A step by step approach. McGraw-Hill.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: An exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810204142
Bontis, N., Keow, W. C. C., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930010324188
Borge, B. H., Filstad, C., Olsen, T. H., & Skogmo, P. Ø. (2018). Diverging assessments of learning organizations during reform implementation. The Learning Organization, 25(6), 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-02-2018-0024
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
Bunderson, J. S., & Boumgarden, P. (2010). Structure and learning in self-managed teams: Why “bureaucratic” teams can be better learners. Organization Science, 21(3), 609-624. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0483
Busenan, E. F. M., Ramli, A., & Bakar, M. S. (2018). Intellectual capital and its importance to the public sector. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, 4(10), 131-138.
Cabrita, M. d. R., & Bontis, N. (2008). Intellectual capital and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. International Journal of Technology Management, 43(1-3), 212-237. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2008.019416
Chahal, H., & Bakshi, P. (2015). Examining intellectual capital and competitive advantage relationship. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(3), 376-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2013-0069
Durrah, O. M., Allil, K. K., & Alkhalaf, T. (2018). The intellectual capital and the learning organization. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-08-2017-0031
Economic Planning Unit. (2017). Sustainable development goals. Prime Minister’s Department. https://www.epu.gov.my/en/sustainable-development-goals
Edwards, P. K., O’Mahoney, J., & Vincent, S. (2014). Studying organizations using critical realism: A practical guide. Oxford University Press.
Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. (1997). Intellectual capital. Harper Business.
Ekboir, J. M., Dutrénit, G., Martinez V, G., Vargas, A. T., & Vera-Cruz, A. O. (2009). Successful organizational learning in the management of agricultural research and innovation: The Mexican Produce Foundations. The Mexican Produce Foundations, International Food Policy Research Institute. http://www.ifpri.org/ sites/default/files/publications/rr162.pdf
Farsani, J. J., Bidmeshgipour, M., Habibi, M., & Rashidi, M. M. (2012). Intellectual capital and organizational learning capability in Iranian active companies of petrochemical industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 1297-1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.222
Firer, S., & Williams, S. M. (2003). Intellectual capital and traditional measures of corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 348-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930310487806
Guthrie, J. P. (2001). High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: Evidence from New Zealand. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069345
Hall, R. E., & Jones, C. I. (1999). Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 83-116. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355399555954
Heide, M., von Platen, S., Simonsson, C., & Falkheimer, J. (2018). Expanding the scope of strategic communication: Towards a holistic understanding of organizational complexity. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(4), 452-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1456434
Hsu, Y.-H., & Fang, W. (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(5), 664-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.03.012
Jarvie, W., & Stewart, J. (2018). Conceptualizing learning in the public sector: The importance of context. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 31(1), 14-30. https://doi.org.10.1108/IJPSM-08-2016-0137
Kamukama, N., Ahiauzu, A., & Ntayi, J. M. (2011). Competitive advantage: Mediator of intellectual capital and performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 152-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931111097953
Kanten, P., Kanten, S., & Gurlek, M. (2015). The effects of organizational structures and learning organization on job embeddedness and individual adaptive performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1358-1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00523-7
Khan, A. A., & Nouman, M. (2019). Intellectual capital in practice in the public sector: Developing a conceptual framework for the ‘Third Wave’. Business & Economic Review, 11(2), 1-18. http://bereview.pk/index.php/BER/article/view/297
Kozak, M. (2011). Strategic approach to intellectual capital development in regions. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 8(1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2011.03736
Kunasegaran, M., Ismail, M., Rasdi, R. M., Ismail, I. A., & Ramayah, T. (2016). Talent development environment and workplace adaptation. European Journal of Training and Development, 40(6), 370-389. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-07-2015-0060
Lau, P. Y. Y., McLean, G. N., Hsu, Y.-C., & Lien, B. Y.-H. (2016). Learning organization, organizational culture, and affective commitment in Malaysia: A person–organization fit theory. Human Resource Development International, 20(2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2016.1246306
Mamat, M. Z., Ng, B.-K., Azizan, S. A., & Chang, L. W. (2016). An attempt at implementing a holistic inclusive development model: Insights from Malaysia’s land settlement scheme. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 57(1), 106-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12115
Mikula, B. (2020). Instrumental approach in human capital management: A conceptual framework. Management, 8(4), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2020.04.001
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry. (2011). National Agro-Foods Policy (2011-2020). Ministry of Agriculture.
Moghadam, S. K., Zabihi, M. R., Kargaran, M., & Hakimzadeh, A. (2013). Intellectual capital and organizational learning capability. Journal of Soft Computing and Applications, 2013, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5899/2013/jsca-00011
Rasdi, R. M, Garavan, T. N., & Ismail, M. (2012). Networking and managers’ career success in the Malaysian public sector. European Journal of Training and Development, 36(2/3), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591211204715
Rasdi, R. M, Ismail, M., & Garavan, T. N. (2011). Predicting Malaysian managers’ objective and subjective career success. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(17), 3528-3549. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.560878
Omar, M. K., Yusoff, Y. M., & Zaman, M. D. K. (2019). The effect of organizational learning capability as a mediating variable in the relationship between green intellectual capital and business sustainability: Evidence from the manufacturing sector. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(6), 584-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i6/5974
Örtenblad, A. (2018). What does “learning organization” mean? The Learning Organization, 25(3), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-02-2018-0016
Palos, R., & Stancovici, V. V. (2016). Learning in organization. The Learning Organization, 23(1), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-01-2015-0001
Pedler, M., & Burgoyne, J. G. (2017). Is the learning organisation still alive? The Learning Organization, 24(2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-12-2016-0087
Pokharel, M. P., & Choi, S. O. (2015). Exploring the relationships between the learning organization and organizational performance. Management Research Review, 38(2), 126-148. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2013-0033
Qi, C., & Chau, P. Y. (2016). An empirical study of the effect of enterprise social media usage on organizational learning. PACIS 2016 Proceedings, Chiayi, Taiwan. https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2016/330
Ramírez, Y. (2010), Intellectual capital models in Spanish public sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(2), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931011039705
Ramírez, Y., Tejada, A., & Gordillo, S. (2013). Recognition of intellectual capital importance in the university sector. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3(4), 27-41.
Rupčić, N. (2018). Complexities of learning organizations–addressing key methodological and content issues. The Learning Organization, 25(6), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2018-127
Sable, M. R. G., & Dave, D. G. B. (2016). A study on factors affecting learning organization. International Journal of Management, 7(7), 134-143. http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=7&IType=7
Salahzadeh, Z., Maroufi, N., Ahmadi, A., Behtash, H., Razmjoo, A., Gohari, M., & Parnianpour, M. (2014). Assessment of forward head posture in females: Observational and photogrammetry methods. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 27(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-130426
Salehzadeh, R., Asadi, A., Pool, J. K., Ansari, M. R., & Haroni, A. (2014). The influence of perceived organizational support on dimensions of learning organization. The Learning Organization, 21(3), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-08-2013-0040
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Currency/Doubleday.
Sharabati, A.-A. A., Jawad, S. N., & Bontis, N. (2010). Intellectual capital and business performance in the pharmaceutical sector of Jordan. Management Decision, 48(1), 105-131. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011014481
Sitar, A. S., & Škerlavaj, M. (2018). Learning-structure fit part I: Conceptualizing the relationship between organizational structure and employee learning. The Learning Organization, 25(5), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2015-0050
Smith, K. A., Vasudevan, S. P., & Tanniru, M. R. (1996), Organizational learning and resource-based theory: An integrative model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 9(6), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534819610150512
Stewart, T. A. (2010). Intellectual capital: The new wealth of organization. Currency/Doubleday.
Sulaiman, C., Bala, U., Tijani, B. A., Waziri, S. I., & Maji, I. K. (2015). Human capital, technology, and economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria. Sage Open, 5(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015615166
Sutton, K. (2001). Agribusiness on a grand scale–FELDA’s Sahabat Complex in East Malaysia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 22(1), 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00095
Tuggle, F. D. (2016). Gaps and progress in our knowledge of learning organizations. The Learning Organization, 23(6), 444-457. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2016-0059
Visser, M., & Van der Togt, K. (2016). Learning in public sector organizations: A theory of action approach. Public Organization Review, 16(2), 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0303-5
Watkins, K. E., & Kim, K. (2018). Current status and promising directions for research on the learning organization. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 29(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21293
Wong, S. C., Rasdi, R. M., Samah, B. A., & Wahat, N. W. A. (2017). Promoting protean career through employability culture and mentoring career strategies as moderator. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(3), 277-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-08-2016-0060
Wu, W. W., Hao, Q., Kasper, H., & Muehlbacher, J. (2012). How does organizational structure influence performance through learning and innovation in Austria and China. Chinese Management Studies, 6(1), 36-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141211213717
Yang, B., Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (2004). The construct of the learning organization: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1086
Yusoff, Y. M., Omar, M. K., Zaman, M. D. K., & Samad, S. (2019). Do all elements of green intellectual capital contribute toward business sustainability? Evidence from the Malaysian context using the Partial Least Squares method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234, 626-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.153
ISSN 0128-7702
e-ISSN 2231-8534
Recent Articles