This study’s principal objective is to investigate the relationship between student engagement in learning entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among students in a vocational college. The selected vocational colleges are located in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. A quantitative approach method was employed where questionnaires were distributed among first-year students enrolled in diploma courses offered by 16 vocational colleges. A sample of 244 students was chosen through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. The descriptive analysis results show that the entrepreneurial intention and student engagement in learning entrepreneurial education among vocational college students were both at a moderate level. The correlational analyses show a moderate-level, positive, and significant relationship between engagement in learning entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Among the six variables, only engagement in learning, engagement with academic staff, and engagement in communities predict entrepreneurial intention with an explanation of 84.7%. This indicates that engaging students in the learning of entrepreneurial subjects and skills are essential in fostering their internal motivation and help to build confidence toward starting a business venture and becoming their boss rather than hunting for jobs after college.

• Ahmad, S. Z., & Xavier, S. R. (2012). Entrepreneurial environments and growth: Evidence from Malaysia GEM data. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 50–69. doi: 10.1108/17561391211200939

• Ajzen, I. (2017). Theory of planned behavior with background factors. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from http://people.umass.edu/aizen/tpb.background.html

• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude-behavior relation: Reasoned and automatic processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11(1), 1–33. doi: 10.1080/14792779943000116

• Akmaliah, L. P. Z., & Hisyamuddin, H. (2009). Choice of self-employment intention among secondary school students. Journal of International Social Research, 2(9), 539–549.

• Ananiadou, K. (2013). Revisiting global trends in TVET: Reflections on theory and practice. UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.

• Ansari, B., & Wu, X. (2013). Development of Pakistan’s technical and vocational education and training (TVET): An analysis of skilling Pakistan reforms. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 5(2), 1–13.

• Astin, A. W. (1999). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 40(5), 518–529.

• Audretsch, D., & Fritsch, M. (2003). Linking entrepreneurship to growth: The case of West Germany. Industry and Innovation, 10(1), 65–73. doi: 10.1080/1366271032000068104

• Azmi, N. I., & Hisyam, M. H. M. (2012, September 18-20). Soft skills implementation in basic vocational education: Transformation of Malaysian Education System. [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Active Learning (ICAL 2012), Melaka, Malaysia.

• Bacq, S., & Alt, E. (2018). Feeling capable and valued: A prosocial perspective on the link between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(3), 333–350. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.01.004

• Badawi, A. A. (2013). TVET and entrepreneurship skills. In Revisiting global trends in TVET: Reflections on theory and practice (pp. 276-307). UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.

• Bahrein, A. B. A., Zakaria, M. N., Ismail, M., Yaacob, M. R., Ghazali, M. S., & Sofian, M. F. (2016). The determination of entrepreneurial intention and social entrepreneurship intention formation of university graduates. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, 10(1), 175–181.

• Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(1), 53–61. doi: 10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.04.001

• Biggs, J. (2003). Teaching for quality learning at University – What the student does. Open University Press.

• Coates, H., Rainsford, T., & Tan, J. (2009). Engaging students for success. Australian Council for Educational Research.

• Cochran, W. G. (2007). Sampling techniques (3rd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

• Curtin, P., Stanwick, J., & Beddie, F. (2011). Fostering enterprise: The innovation and skills nexus–Research readings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research.

• Dawe, S., & Guthrie, H. (2004). Vocational education and training and innovation: Research readings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research.

• Economic Planning Unit. (2017). 11th Malaysia Plan, 2016-2020. Prime Minister’s Department. https://files.seameo.org/18_3rd%20HOM%20on%20SEA-TVET%2C%2023-25%20May%202017%2C%20Kuala%20Lumpur%2C%20Malaysia/13_Session%203_Strategies%20for%20TVET%20Transformation%20and%20Advancement%20%2823%20May%29/3_Malaysia_TVET%20AS%20GAME%20CHANGER_v2.pdf

• Fauziah, M. J., Rosna, M. J., & Tengku Faekah, T. A. (2012). Malaysian university student learning involvement scale (MUSLIS): Validation of a student engagement model. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 9, 15–30. doi: 10.32890/mjli.9.2012.7634

• Fayolle, A. (2005). Evaluation of entrepreneurship education: Behaviour performing or intention increasing? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 89–98. doi: 10.1504/ijesb.2005.006072

• Fini, R., Grimaldi, R., Marzocchi, G. L., & Sobrero, M. (2012). The determinants of corporate entrepreneurial intention within small and newly established firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 387–414. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00411.x

• Garlick, S., Taylor, M., & Plummer, P. (2007). An enterprising approach to regional growth: Implications for policy and the role of vocational education and training (A National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation Program Report). National Centre for Vocational Education Research.

• Gasiewski, J. A., Eagan, M. K., Garcia, G. A., Hurtado, S., & Chang, M. J. (2012). From gatekeeping to engagement: A multicontextual, mixed method study of student academic engagement in introductory STEM courses. Research in Higher Education, 53(2), 229–261. doi: 10.1007/s11162-011-9247-y

• Gerba, D. T. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258–277. doi: 10.1108/20400701211265036

• Gibb, A., & Hannon, P. (2006). Towards the entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 4(1), 73–110.

• Hassanien, A. (2006). Student experience of group work and group assessment in higher education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 6(1), 17–39. doi: 10.1300/j172v06n01_02

• Hishamuddin, H. (2007). The relationship between selected factors and entrepreneurial determination according to students’ perceptions [Unpublished Master thesis]. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

• Izquierdo, E., & Buelens, M. (2011). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitudes. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 75–91. doi: 10.1504/ijesb.2011.04041

• Kiefer, S. M., Alley, K. M., & Ellerbrock, C. R. (2015). Teacher and peer support for young adolescents’ motivation, engagement, and school belonging. Rmle Online, 38(8), 1–18. doi: 10.1080/19404476.2015.1164118

• Kolb, D. A., Boyatzis, R. E., & Mainemelis, C. (2001). Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Perspectives on Thinking, Learning, and Cognitive Styles, 1(8), 227–247.

• Kuh, G. D. (2009). What student affairs professionals need to know about student engagement. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 683–706. doi: 10.1353/csd.0.0099

• Kuh, G. D., Cruce, T. M., Shoup, R., Kinzie, J., & Gonyea, R. M. (2008). Unmasking the effects of student engagement on first-year college grades and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 540–563. doi: 10.1353/jhe.0.0019

• Kuh, G. D., & Hu, S. (2001). The effects of student-faculty interaction in the 1990s. The Review of Higher Education, 24(3), 309–332. doi: 10.1353/rhe.2001.0005

• Lerner, J. (2012). Boulevard of broken dreams: Why public efforts to boost entrepreneurship and venture capital have failed–and what to do about it. Princeton University Press.

• Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x

• Meyer, N. (2018). South African female entrepreneurs’ intention to remain in business [Unpublished Doctoral thesis]. North-West University.

• Middleton, K. W., Mueller, S., Blenker, P., Neergaard, H., & Tunstall, R. (2014). Experience-based learning in entrepreneurship education-a comparative study of four programmes in Europe. Proceeding RENT (Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business) XXVIII, 1–15.

• Ministry of Education. (2013). Malaysia blueprint 2013-2025. Ministry of Education.

• Morselli, D., Ajello, A., McCracken, M., & Matlay, H. (2016). Assessing the sense of initiative and entrepreneurship in vocational students using the European qualification framework. Education + Training, 58(7/8), 1–19.

• Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277–299. doi: 10.5465/amle.2015.0026

• Nor Aishah, B. (2013). Entrepreneurship education. UKM Press.

• Norhatta, M., Mistima, M. S., & Salwah, C. M. (2015). A study on entrepreneurial intention among engineering technology students. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 348–355.

• Nuringsih, K., Nuryasman, M. N., & IwanPrasodjo, R. A. (2019). Sustainable entrepreneurial intention: The perceived of triple bottom line among female students. Jurnal Manajemen, 23(2), 168–190. doi: 10.24912/jm.v23i2.472

• Obwoge, M. E., & Edwin Obwoge, M. (2016). Competency-based education and training: A fresh green leaf from the Australian context for TVET in Africa. International Education and Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(3), 538–545.

• OECD. (2010). Learning for jobs: Synthesis report of the OECD reviews of vocational education and training. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

• Omar, Z., Krauss, S. E., Sail, R. M., & Ismail, I. A. (2011). Exploring career success of late bloomers from the TVET background. Education and Training, 53(7), 603-624. doi: 10.1108/0040091111117199

• Ozaralli, N., & Rivenburgh, N. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: Antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 1–32.

• Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Routledge.

• Rami, A. M., Abdullah, R., & Ariffin, W. J. (2018). Strengthening social capital: Local leader’s strategy toward developing rural community. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 765–774.

• Reyes-García, V., Guèze, M., Díaz-Reviriego, I., Duda, R., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Gallois, S., … & Dounias, E. (2016). The adaptive nature of culture: A cross-cultural analysis of the returns of local environmental knowledge in three indigenous societies. Current Anthropology, 57(6), 761–784. doi: 10.1086/689307

• Rudhumbu, N., Svotwa, D., Munyanyiwa, T., & Mutsau, M. (2016). Attitudes of students towards entrepreneurship education at two selected higher education institutions in Botswana: A critical analysis and reflection. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(2), 83–83. doi: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n2p83

• Sabouripour, F., & Roslan, S. (2015). Resilience, optimism and social support among international students. Asian Social Science, 11(15), 159–170.

• Salkind, N. J., & Rainwater, T. (2006). Exploring research. Pearson.

• Salzano, C., Bahri, S., & Haftendorn, K. (2006). Towards an entrepreneurial culture for the twenty firstcentury: Stimulating entrepreneurial spirit through entrepreneurship education in Secondary Schools. ILO & UNESCO.

• Schreiber, B., & Yu, D. (2016). Exploring student engagement practices at a South African university: Student engagement as reliable predictor of academic performance. South African Journal of Higher Education, 30(5), 157–175. doi: 10.20853/30-5-59

• Seet, P. S., Jones, J. T., Spoehr, J., & Hordacre, A. L. (2018). The fourth industrial revolution: The implications of technological disruption for Australian VET. NCVER.

• Sekerin, V. D., Gaisina, L. M., Shutov, N. V., Abdrakhmanov, N. K., & Valitova, N. E. (2018). Improving the quality of competence-oriented training of personnel at industrial enterprises. Calitatea, 19(165), 68–72.

• Tinto, V. (2017). Through the eyes of students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(3), 254–269. doi: 10.1177/1521025115621917

• Toner, P. (2011). Workforce skills and innovation: An overview of major themes in the literature (Workforce Skills and Innovation) [Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers]. OECD.

• Toscher, B. (2019). Entrepreneurial learning in arts entrepreneurship education: A conceptual framework. Artivate, 8(1), 3–22.

• Volkmann, C., Wilson, K. E., Mariotti, S., Rabuzzi, D., Vyakarnam, S., & Sepulveda, A. (2009). Educating the next wave of entrepreneurs. World Economic Forum.

• Wan Nur Azlina, W. I., Ab. Rahim, B., Soaib, A., Shamsiah, M., & Noor Syamilah, Z. (2015). Impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in Technical and Vocational Education and Training institutions (TVET) in Malaysia. International Education Studies, 8(12), 141–152. doi: 10.5539/ies.v8n12p141

• Wheelahan, L., Moldie, G., & Buchanan, J. (2012). Revitalising the’vocational’in flows of learning and labour. NCVER.

• Yamagata-Lynch, L. C. (2007). Confronting analytical dilemmas for understanding complex human interactions in design-based research from a cultural—Historical activity theory (CHAT) framework. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 16(4), 451–484. doi: 10.1080/10508400701524777

• Zaidatol Akmaliah, L. P., & Habibah, E. (2002). Teaching and learning of commerce, entrepreneurship and basic trade. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

• Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Ahrari, S., Krauss, S. E., Samah, A. A., Meng, L. K., & Ariffin, Z. (2019). Predicting social entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Research, 96, 264–276. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.030