Geometry, size, and shape of the surface pores, as well as, capillarity, and exposure environment are directly influence strength and durability of cementitious composites. The current research aimed to improve the resistance to abrasion and decrease the surface porosity of cement-based composites by nano surface coating technique. All samples were coated with a mixture of methanol alcohol, ordinary Portland cement and nano powder of (TiO₂, MgO, ZnO and ZrO₂) separately in percentages of (1, 1.5, and 2 %) by weight of cement. The hardness, abrasion, water absorption, density, porosity, and microstructural analysis: Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (SEM & XRD) were studied for all coated and control specimens. Results showed an improvement in mechanical properties for all coated specimens as compared to control. The highest Vickers micro hardness value had reached 29%, while the largest value of abrasion resistance had increased by 39% for coated samples with 2% ZrO₂. Also, the results showed a reduction in the porosity and water absorption of all coated samples, having highest scores obtained from the coated samples with 2% MgO. While the total water absorption rate decreased by 45% and the density had increased by 1% and the porosity had decreased by 46%. Additionally, the results of microstructural tests revealed pattern and images for each of SEM and XRD. Also, results indicated that the nano coating leads to significant consumption of Portlandite (CH) associated with production of a stable structure of CSH and reduction of voids, and this is evident from the enhancement in the physical properties.

• Ahmed, H. E. D., Sabrah, B. A. E. G., Mohamed, S. A. E. A., & Mostafa, N. M. (2017). Chemical and engineering properties of blended cement containing micro-and nano-silica. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 5(5), 111-121. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20170505.13

• Ali, I. M., Nasr, M. S., & Naje, A. S. (2020). Enhancement of cured cement using environmental waste: particleboards incorporating nano slag. Open Engineering, 10(1), 273-281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0031

• Aperador, W., Delgado, A., & Bautista-uiz, J. (2016). Effect of durability and chloride ion permeability in ternary cementitious concrete with additions of fly ash and blast furnace slag. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11, 2297-2305.

• Birgisson, B., Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Geary, G., Khan, M., & Sobolev, K. (2012). Nanotechnology in concrete materials: A synopsis. Washington, USA: Transportation Research Board. doi: 10.17226/22672

• Camiletti, J., Soliman, A. M., & Nehdi, M. L. (2013). Effect of nano-calcium carbonate on early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 65(5), 297-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.12.00015

• de la Cruz Barroso, J. C., del Campo, J. M., & Aranguren, D. C. (2015). Comparative study on porosity and permeability of conventional concrete and concrete with variable proportions of natural zeolite additions. Revista de la Construcción, 14(3), 72-78.

• Du, S., Wu, J., AlShareedah, O., & Shi, X. (2019). Nanotechnology in cement-based materials: A review of durability, modeling, and advanced characterization. Nanomaterials, 9(9), 1-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091213

• Elia, H. N., Ghosh, A., Akhnoukh, A. K., & Nima, Z. A. (2018). Using nano- and micro-titanium dioxide (TiO2) in concrete to reduce air pollution. Journal of Nano Medicine and Nanotechnology, 9(3), 1-5. doi: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000505

• Glenn, J. (2013). Nanotechnology in concrete: Critical review and statistical analysis (MSc Thesis). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.

• Ibrahim, S. I. (2016). Studying the effect of nano additives materials in cement coating for building applications (PhD Thesis). University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

• Khitab, A., & Arshad, M.T. (2014). Nano construction materials: Review. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 38(2), 181-189.

• Ltifi, M., Guefrech A., Mounanga P., & Khelidj A. (2011). Experimental study of the effect of addition of nano-silica on the behavior of cement mortars. Procedia Engineering, 10, 900-905. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.148

• Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. J. (2006). Concrete microstructure, properties, and materials (3rd Ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.

• Mendes, T. M., Hotza, D., & Repette, W. L. (2015). Nanoparticles in cement based materials: A review. Revision Advance Materials Science, 40(1), 89-96.

• Othman, F. M., Hameed, A. A., & Ibrahim, S. I. (2016). Studying the effect of nano additives and coating on some properties of cement mortar mixes. Engineering and Technology Journal, 34(3 Part (A) Engineering), 553-566.

• Pellegrini-Cervantes, M. J., Almeraya-Calderon, F., Borunda-Terrazas, A., Bautista-Margulis, R. G., Chacón-Nava, J. G., Fajardo-San-Miguel, G., ... & Martinez-Villafañe, A. (2013). Corrosion resistance, porosity and strength of blended portland cement mortar containing rice husk ash and nano-SiO2. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8(1), 10697-10710.

• Quraishi, M. A., Nayak, D. K., Kumar, R., & Kumar, V. (2017). Corrosion of reinforced steel in concrete and its control: An overview. Journal of Steel Structures and Construction, 3(1), 1-6.

• Rezania M., Panahandeh M., Razavi S. M. J., & Berto F. (2019). Experimental study of the simultaneous effect of nano-silica and nano-carbon black on permeability and mechanical properties of the concrete. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 104, 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102391

• Vera, R., Apablaza, J., Carvajal, A. M., & Vera, E. (2013). Effect of surface coatings in the corrosion of reinforced concrete in acid environments. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8, 11832-11846.

• Zhang, A., Ge Y., Yang, W. C., Cai, X. P., & Du, Y. B. (2019a). Comparative study on the effects of nano-SiO2, nano-Fe2O3 and nano-NiO on hydration and microscopic properties of white cement. Construction and Building Materials, 228, 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116767

• Zhang, S., Qiao, W. G., Chen, P. C., & Xi, K. (2019b). Rheological and mechanical properties of microfine-cement-based grouts mixed with microfine fly ash, colloidal nanosilica and superplasticizer. Construction and Building Materials, 212, 10-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.314

• Zhuang, C., & Chen, Y. (2020). The effect of nano-SiO2 on concrete properties: A review. Nanotechnology Review, 8, 562-572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0050