Indiscriminate manure disposal has been highlighted as a significant cause of environmental contamination due to the presence of various biological and chemical irritants. It includes pathogens, antibiotics, and organic pollutants, all of which have the potential to harm not only the environment but also human health. Several incidents have been reported, most notably among farmers and those living near the farms, as a result of air and water pollution caused by manure losses. Acute and chronic exposure to these hazards may result in a variety of health issues, including infection, inflammation, and even cancer. Despite this, humans are constantly exposed to these risk agents due to a lack of awareness of proper disposal methods and knowledge of the risk agents’ associations with diseases. Thus, the review discusses the potential health risk or diseases linked to poultry manure and recommends future measures to minimise the hazards to farmers’ health and the environment posed by their existing practices.

• Abdul, K. S. M., Jayasinghe, S. S., Chandana, E. P. S., Jayasumana, C., & De Silva, P. M. C. S. (2015). Arsenic and human health effects: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 40(3), 828-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.016

• Adekanmi, A. T. (2021). Health hazards of toxic and essential heavy metals from the poultry waste on human and aquatic organisms. In A. K. Patra (Ed.), Animal Feed Science and Nutrition (pp. 1-23). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99549

• Aggarwal, B. B., Vijayalekshmi, R. V., & Sung, B. (2009). Targeting inflammatory pathways for prevention and therapy of cancer: short-term friend, long-term foe. Clinical Cancer Research, 15(2), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0149

• Ahmed, M. F. M., Schulz, J., & Hartung, J. (2013). Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in naturally and artificially contaminated laying hen feces. Poultry Science, 92(2), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02496

• Al-Gheethi, A. A., Efaq, A. N., Bala, J. D., Norli, I., Abdel-Monem, M. O., & Kadir, M. O. A. (2018). Removal of pathogenic bacteria from sewage-treated effluent and biosolids for agricultural purposes. Applied Water Science, 8(2), Article 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0698-6

• Arsenault, J., Letellier, A., Quessy, S., Normand, V., & Boulianne, M. (2007). Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Quebec, Canada. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 81(4), 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.016

• Avidov, R., Varma, V. S., Saadi, I., Hanan, A., Lublin, A., Saldinger, S. S., Chen, Y., & Laor, Y. (2021). Factors influencing the persistence of Salmonella infantis in broiler litter during composting and stabilization processes and following soil incorporation. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, Article 645721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.645721

• Beresford, M. R., Andrew, P. W., & Shama, G. (2001). Listeria monocytogenes adheres to many materials found in food-processing environments. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90(6), 1000-1005. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01330.x

• Black, Z., Balta, I., Black, L., Naughton, P. J., Dooley, J. S. G., & Corcionivoschi, N. (2021). The fate of foodborne pathogens in manure treated soil. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, Article 781357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.781357

• Bolan, N. S., Szogi, A. A., Chuasavathi, T., Seshadri, B., Rothrock, M. J., Jr., & Panneerselvam, P. (2010). Uses and management of poultry litter. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 66(4), 673-698. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933910000656

• Bucher, M. G., Zwirzitz, B., Oladeinde, A., Cook, K., Plymel, C., Zock, G., Lakin, S., Aggrey, S. E., Ritz, C., Looft, T., Lipp, E., Agga, G. E., Abdo, Z., & Sistani, K. R. (2020). Reused poultry litter microbiome with competitive exclusion potential against Salmonella Heidelberg. Journal of Environmental Quality, 49(4), 869-881. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20081

• Bush, D. J., Poore, M. H., Rogers, G. M., & Altier, C. (2007). Effect of stacking method on Salmonella elimination from recycled poultry bedding. Bioresource Technology, 98(3), 571-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.017

• Chattopadhyay, M. K. (2014). Use of antibiotics as feed additives: a burning question. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, Article 334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00334

• Chen, P., Guo, X., Li, S., & Li, F. (2021). A review of the bioelectrochemical system as an emerging versatile technology for reduction of antibiotic resistance genes. Environment International, 156, Article 106689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106689

• Chen, Z., & Jiang, X. (2014). Microbiological safety of chicken litter or chicken litter-based organic fertilizers: A review. Agriculture, 4(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture4010001

• Choudhury, A., Felton, G., Moyle, J., & Lansing, S. (2020). Fluidized bed combustion of poultry litter at farm-scale: Environmental impacts using a life cycle approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, Article 124231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124231

• Christin, P., Susanne, H., & Carole, S. (2016). Human influenza virus infections. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 37(04), 487-500. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584801

• Churchill, R. L. T., Lee, H., & Hall, J. C. (2006). Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and the toxin listeriolysin O in food. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 64(2), 141-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2005.10.007

• Cokal, Y., Gunaydin, E., & Goncagul, G. (2022). The investigation of the presence of Listeria species in poultry farms and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes strains. Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 6(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1075016

• Djeffal, S., Mamache, B., Elgroud, R., Hireche, S., & Bouaziz, O. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. contamination in broiler chicken farms and slaughterhouses in the northeast of Algeria. Veterinary World, 11(8), 1102-1108. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.1102-1108

• Facciolà, A., Riso, R., Avventuroso, E., Visalli, G., Delia, S. A., & Laganà, P. (2017). Campylobacter: From microbiology to prevention. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 58(2), E79-E92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28900347

• Fan, D., Mao, Y., Xu, L., & Wang, W. (2020). Effects of livestock and poultry breeding pollution on health risks: Evidence from a hog breeding case in rural China. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 18(4), 342-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2021.04.008

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2013). Poultry Development Review. https://www.fao.org/3/i3531e/i3531e.pdf

• Runge, G. A., Blackall, P. J., & Casey, K. D. (2007). Chicken litter: Issues associated with sourcing and use. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. https://www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/07-035.pdf

• Garai, P., Gnanadhas, D. P., & Chakravortty, D. (2012). Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi as model organisms: Revealing paradigm of host-pathogen interactions. Virulence, 3(4), 377-388. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.21087

• Garcia, S. N., Osburn, B. I., & Jay-Russell, M. T. (2020). One health for food safety, food security, and sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00001

• Gbotosho, O., & Burt, P. J. A. (2013). Environmental and health impacts of poultry manure disposal methods: A case study of Lagelu and Egbeda local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 11(1), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2012.700100

• Giagnoni, L., Martellini, T., Scodellini, R., Cincinelli, A., & Renella, G. (2020). Co-composting: an opportunity to produce compost with designated tailor-made properties. In H. Hettiarachchi, S. Caucci & K. Schwärzel (Eds.), Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking: Practices, Policies, and Trends (pp. 185-211). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_9

• Giri, S. S., Ryu, E., & Park, S. C. (2019). Characterization of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a polysaccharide-based bioflocculant from Bacillus subtilis F9. Microbial Pathogenesis, 136, Article 103642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103642

• Glatz, P., Miao, Z., & Rodda, B. (2011). Handling and treatment of poultry hatchery waste: A review. Sustainability, 3(1), 216-237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3010216

• Goh, S. G., Kuan, C. H., Loo, Y. Y., Chang, W. S., Lye, Y. L., Soopna, P., Tang, J. Y. H., Nakaguchi, Y., Nishibuchi, M., Afsah-Hejri, L., & Son, R. (2012). Listeria monocytogenes in retailed raw chicken meat in Malaysia. Poultry Science, 91(10), 2686-2690. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02349

• Gopal, S., Manoharan, P., Kathaperumal, K., Chidambaram, B., & Divya, K. C. (2012). Differential detection of avian oncogenic viruses in poultry layer farms and Turkeys by use of multiplex PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50(8), 2668-2673. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00457-12

• Grivennikov, S. I., Greten, F. R., & Karin, M. (2010). Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell, 140(6), 883-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025

• Gubišová, M., Horník, M., Hrčková, K., Gubiš, J., Jakubcová, A., Hudcovicová, M., & Ondreičková, K. (2020). Sewage sludge as a soil amendment for growing biomass plant Arundo donax L. Agronomy, 10(5), Article 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050678

• Hakeem, M. J., & Lu, X. (2021). Survival and control of campylobacter in poultry production environment. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, Article 615049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.615049

• Jechalke, S., Schierstaedt, J., Becker, M., Flemer, B., Grosch, R., Smalla, K., & Schikora, A. (2019). Salmonella establishment in agricultural soil and colonization of crop plants depend on soil type and plant species. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, Article 967. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00967

• Jerez, S. B., Cheng, Y., & Bray, J. (2014). Exposure of workers to dust and bioaerosol on a poultry farm. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 23(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00710

• Jiang, L., Li, M., Tang, J., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., Yu, X., Li, Y., Feng, T., & Zhang, X. (2018). Effect of different disinfectants on bacterial aerosol diversity in poultry houses. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 2113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02113

• Johnson, E. S., Ndetan, H., & Lo, K. M. (2010). Cancer mortality in poultry slaughtering/processing plant workers belonging to a union pension fund. Environmental Research, 110(6), 588-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.05.010

• Kitjakrancharoensin, P., Yasan, K., Hongyantarachai, K., Ratanachokthorani, K., Thammasarn, J., Kuwuttiwai, D., Ekanaprach, T., Jittakarm, R., Nuntapravechpun, R., Hotarapavanon, S., Kulrattanarak, S., Tongkaew, S., Deemeechai, S., Mungthin, M., Rangsin, R., Wongsrichanalai, V., & Sakboonyarat, B. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among agriculturists in a rural community, central Thailand. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 15, 2189-2198. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S262050

• Kyakuwaire, M., Olupot, G., Amoding, A., Nkedi-Kizza, P., & Basamba, T. A. (2019). How safe is chicken litter for land application as an organic fertilizer? A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), Article 3521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193521

• Lamas, A., Miranda, J. M., Regal, P., Vázquez, B., Franco, C. M., & Cepeda, A. (2018). A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica. Microbiological Research, 206, 60-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.010

• Lemunier, M., Francou, C., Rousseaux, S., Houot, S., Dantigny, P., Piveteau, P., & Guzzo, J. (2005). Long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(10), 5779-5786. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.10.5779-5786.2005

• Lin, M., Roche, P., Spencer, J., Milton, A., Wright, P., Witteveen, D., Leader, R., Merianos, A., Bunn, C., Gidding, H., Kaldor, J., Kirk, M., Hall, R., & Della-Porta, T. (2010). Australia’s notifiable diseases status, 2000: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-2002-cdi2602-pdf-cnt.htm/$FILE/cdi2602b.pdf

• Macklin, K. S., Hess, J. B., Bilgili, S. F., & Norton, R. A. (2006). Effects of in-house composting of litter on bacterial levels. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 15(4), 531-537. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.4.531

• Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: A review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014

• Manyi-Loh, C., Mamphweli, S., Meyer, E., & Okoh, A. (2018). Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: Potential public health implications. Molecules, 23(4), Article 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040795

• Medzhitov, R. (2008). Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature, 454, 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07201

• Miller, R. A., Betteken, M. I., Guo, X., Altier, C., Duhamel, G. E., & Wiedmann, M. (2018). The typhoid toxin produced by the nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana is required for induction of a DNA damage response in vitro and systemic spread in vivo. mBio, 9(2), Article e00467-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00467-18

• Mokhtar, A. M. B. A., Makhtar, M. M. Z., & Mokhtar, A. M. A. (2022). Waste and health: sewage sludge and its hazard to human. In A. Z. Yaser, H. A. Tajarudin & A. Embrandiri (Eds.), Waste Management, Processing and Valorisation (pp. 135-158). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7653-6_8

• Moore, P. S., & Chang, Y. (2010). Why do viruses cause cancer? Highlights of the first century of human tumour virology. Nature Reviews Cancer, 10(12), 878-889. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2961

• Mouttotou, N., Ahmad, S., Kamran, Z., & Koutoulis, K. C. (2017). Prevalence, risks and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in poultry production chain. In M. Mares (Ed.), Current Topics in Salmonella and Salmonellosis (pp. 215-234). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/67438

• Muaz, M. Z. M., Abdul, R., & Vadivelu, V. M. (2019). Recovery of energy and simultaneous treatment of dewatered sludge using membrane-less microbial fuel cell. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 38(1), 208-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12919

• Nichols, G. L. (2005). Fly transmission of Campylobacter. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(3), 361-364. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1103.040460

• Odjadjare, E. E. O., Obi, L. C., & Okoh, A. I. (2010). Municipal wastewater effluents as a source of listerial pathogens in the aquatic milieu of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Aconcern of public health importance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(5), 2376-2394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7052376

• Hood, J. (2021). Australia’s notifiable disease status, 2016: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 45, 1-92. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2021.45.28

• Ondon, B. S., Li, S., Zhou, Q., & Li, F. (2020). Simultaneous removal and high tolerance of norfloxacin with electricity generation in microbial fuel cell and its antibiotic resistance genes quantification. Bioresource Technology, 304, Article 122984. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122984

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Meat Consumption. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/fa290fd0-en

• Orsi, R. H., & Wiedmann, M. (2016). Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(12), 5273-5287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7552-2

• Oyiwona, G. E., Ogbonna, J. C., Anyanwu, C. U., & Okabe, S. (2018). Electricity generation potential of poultry droppings wastewater in microbial fuel cell using rice husk charcoal electrodes. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 5, Article 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-018-0201-0

• Paynich, M. L., Jones-Burrage, S. E., & Knight, K. L. (2017). Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages that prevent T cell-mediated disease. Journal of Immunology, 198(7), 2689-2698. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1601641

• Population Matters. (2023). Population: The Numbers. https://populationmatters.org/the-facts-numbers/

• Public Health England. (2013). Notified Diseases: 2013 Annual Figures. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20211105220847/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-annual-report

• Redding, M. R. (2011). Bentonites and layered double hydroxides can decrease nutrient losses from spent poultry litter. Applied Clay Science, 52(1-2), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.01.016

• Singh, G., Shamsuddin, M. R., Aqsha, & Lim, S. W. (2018). Characterization of chicken manure from Manjung region. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 458, Article 012084. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/458/1/012084

• Sibanda, N., McKenna, A., Richmond, A., Ricke, S. C., Callaway, T., Stratakos, A. C., Gundogdu, O., & Corcionivoschi, N. (2018). A review of the effect of management practices on Campylobacter prevalence in poultry farms. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 2002. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02002

• Sidhu, J., Gibbs, R. A., Ho, G. E., & Unkovich (2001). The role of indigenous microorganisms in suppression of salmonella regrowth in composted biosolids. Water Research, 35(4), 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00352-3

• Silk, B. J., Date, K. A., Jackson, K. A., Pouillot, R., Holt, K. G., Graves, L. M., Ong, K. L., Hurd, S., Meyer, R., Marcus, R., Shiferaw, B., Norton, D. M., Medus, C., Zansky, S. M., Cronquist, A. B., Henao, O. L., Jones, T. F., Vugia, D. J., Farley, M. M., & Mahon, B. E. (2012). Invasive listeriosis in the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 2004-2009: Further targeted prevention needed for higher-risk groups. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 54(suppl_5), S396-S404. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis268

• Sim, J., Hood, D., Finnie, L., Wilson, M., Graham, C., Brett, M., & Hudson, J. A. (2002). Series of incidents of Listeria monocytogenes non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis involving ready-to-eat meats. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35(5), 409-413. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01207.x

• Taiwo, A. M., & Arowolo, T. A. (2017). Impacts of agricultural poultry farming on water and sediment qualities. In Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE’17) (pp 1-9). ICESDP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.11159/icesdp17.159

• UK Health Security Agency. (2020). Notified Diseases: 2020 Annual Figures. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-annual-report

• van Immerseel, F., de Zutter, L., Houf, K., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., & Ducatelle, R. (2009). Strategies to control Salmonella in the broiler production chain. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 65(3), 367-392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933909000270

• Voetsch, A. C., van Gilder, T. J., Angulo, F. J., Farley, M. M., Shallow, S., Marcus, R., Cieslak, P. R., Deneen, V. C., Tauxe, R. V., & Group, for the E. I. P. F. W. (2004). FoodNet estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(Supplement_3), S127-S134. https://doi.org/10.1086/381578

• Waldner, L. L., MacKenzie, K. D., Köster, W., & White, A. P. (2012). From exit to entry: Long-term survival and transmission of Salmonella. Pathogens, 1(2), 128-155. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens1020128

• Wang, A., Zou, D., Zeng, X., Chen, B., Zheng, X., Li, L., Zhang, L., Xiao, Z., & Wang, H. (2021). Speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars produced by pyrolysis of chicken manure and water-washed swine manure. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 11994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91440-8

• Wilkinson, K. G., Tee, E., Tomkins, R. B., Hepworth, G., & Premier, R. (2011). Effect of heating and aging of poultry litter on the persistence of enteric bacteria. Poultry Science, 90(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01023

• Xiong, D., Song, L., Pan, Z., & Jiao, X. (2018). Identification and discrimination of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum based on a one-step multiplex PCR Assay. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 1718. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01718

• Xue, W., Li, F., & Zhou, Q. (2019). Degradation mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole and its induction of bacterial community changes and antibiotic resistance genes in a microbial fuel cell. Bioresource Technology, 289, Article 121632. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121632

• You, Y., Rankin, S. C., Aceto, H. W., Benson, C. E., Toth, J. D., & Dou, Z. (2006). Survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in manure and manure-amended soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(9), 5777-5783. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00791-06

• Zhang, L., Li, L., Pan, X., Shi, Z., Feng, X., Gong, B., Li, J., & Wang, L. (2018). Enhanced growth and activities of the dominant functional microbiota of chicken manure composts in the presence of maize straw. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 1131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01131

• Zhu, Q., Gooneratne, R., & Hussain, M. A. (2017). Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce: outbreaks, prevalence and contamination levels. Foods, 6(3), Article 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6030021

• Zhu, Y., Goh, F. W. T., & Wang, Q. (2019). Redox catalysts for aprotic Li-O2 batteries: Toward a redox flow system. Nano Materials Science, 1(3), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.008