PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

In our previous research, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method was applied to analyze data on the tensile properties of pure PVA films and blend films mixing PVA (10%), BA (0.5%), and UG (1%). The results using ANOVA analysis are not significant for treatments in samples. This study compares data from Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and ANOVA methods. The accuracy level of both methods is α = 5% (0.05). The result showed that the tensile properties of samples using MANOVA display a significant data effect. Therefore, we recommended MANOVA because the tests were performed simultaneously.

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  Abral, H., Ikhsan, M., Rahmadiawan, D., Handayani, D., Sandrawati, N., Sugiarti, E., & Muslimin, A. N. (2022). Anti-UV, antibacterial, strong, and high thermal resistant polyvinyl alcohol/Uncaria gambir extract biocomposite film. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 17, 2193–2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.01.120
  
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  Alonso-Lopez, O., Lopez-Ibanez, S., & Beiras, R. (2021). Assessment of toxicity and biodegradability of Poly (vinyl alcohol)-based materials in marine water. Polymers, 13, 1–9.
  
  Hashim, A., Kadham Algidsawi, A. J., Ahmed, H., Hadi, A., & Habeeb, M. A. (2021). Synthesis of PVA/PVP/SnO2 nanocomposites: Structural, optical, and dielectric characteristics for pressure sensors. Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 19(2), 353–362.
  
  Huang, F. L. (2020). MANOVA: A procedure whose time has passed? Gifted Child Quarterly, 64(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986219887200
  
  Khorasani, M., Ghasemi, A. H., Awan, U. S., Singamneni, S., Littlefair, G., Farabi, E., Leary, M., Gibson, I., Veetil, J. K., & Rolfe, B. (2021). On the role of process parameters on meltpool temperature and tensile properties of stainless steel 316L produced by powder bed fusion. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 12, 2438–2452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.043
  
  Mahdi, S. M., & Habeeb, M. A. (2023). Low-cost piezoelectric sensors and gamma ray attenuation fabricated from novel polymeric nanocomposites. AIMS Materials Science, 10(2), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.3934/MATERSCI.2023015
  
  Rahmadiawan, D., Abral, H., Railis, R. M., Iby, I. C., Mahardika, M., Handayani, D., Natrana, K. D., Juliadmi, D., & Akbar, F. (2022). The enhanced moisture absorption and tensile strength of PVA/Uncaria gambir extract by boric acid as a highly moisture-resistant, anti-UV, and strong film for food packaging applications. Journal of Composites Science, 6(11), Article 337. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6110337
  
  Sciences, P. (2022). Fabrication and evaluation of optical characteristics of (PVA-MnO2 – ZrO2) nanocomposites for nanodevices. Ukrainian Journal of Physics, 67(10), 757-757.
  
  Sunarsono, H., Hazimah, Rahmiati, S., Salit, M. S., Rushdan, A. I., & Azhari, F. A. (2024). Effect of various concentrations of sodium hydroxide/hot alkali treatment on the physical properties of ramie fibres. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 115(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.96102
  
  Zheng, P., Chen, R., Liu, H., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., & Shen, Y. (2020). On the standards and practices for miniaturized tensile test – A review. Fusion Engineering and Design, 161, Article 112006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112006