PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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• Adams, S., Doeven, E. H., Quayle, K., & Kouzani, A. (2019). MiniStat: Development and evaluation of a mini-potentiostat for electrochemical measurements. IEEE Access, 7, 31903–31912. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2902575
  
  Ahmed, M. F., Mokhtar, M., Alam, L., Mohamed, C. A. R., & Ta, G. C. (2020). Investigating the status of cadmium, chromium and lead in the drinking water supply chain to ensure drinking water quality in Malaysia. Water, 12(10), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102653
  
  Azid, A., Noor, S., Amin, S. M., Khalit, S. I., Ismail, S., Samsudin, M. S., Yusof, K. M. K. K., Latiffah, N., Rani, A., Amran, M. A., Yunus, K., Shakir, A., & Saudi, M. (2018). Determination of selected heavy metals in airborne particles in industrial area: A baseline study. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 14(2), 251–256.
  
  Bansod, B. K., Kumar, T., Thakur, R., Rana, S., & Singh, I. (2017). A review on various electrochemical techniques for heavy metal ions detection with different sensing platforms. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 94, 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.031
  
  Bernalte, E., Arévalo, S., Pérez-Taborda, J., Wenk, J., Estrela, P., Avila, A., & Di Lorenzo, M. (2020). Rapid and on-site simultaneous electrochemical detection of copper, lead and mercury in the Amazon river. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 307, Article 127620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127620
  
  Borrill, A. J., Reily, N. E., & Macpherson, J. V. (2019). Addressing the practicalities of anodic stripping voltammetry for heavy metal detection: A tutorial review. Analyst, 144(23), 6834–6849. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9an01437c
  
  Chaudhary, S., Sagar, S., Lal, M., Tomar, A., Kumar, V., & Kumar, M. (2020). Partitioning of heavy metals in different environmental and biotic components in the coastal waters of the Straits of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Environment Biology, 41, 812–820.
  
  Cordova-Huaman, A. V., Jauja-Ccana, V. R., & La Rosa-Toro, A. (2021). Low-cost smartphone-controlled potentiostat based on Arduino for teaching electrochemistry fundamentals and applications. Heliyon, 7(2), Article e06259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06259
  
  Dryden, M. D. M. M., & Wheeler, A. R. (2015). DStat: A versatile, open-source potentiostat for electroanalysis and integration. PLOS ONE, 10(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140349
  
  Fakude, C. T., Arotiba, O. A., & Mabuba, N. (2020). Electrochemical aptasensing of cadmium (II) on a carbon black-gold nano-platform. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 858, Article 113796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113796
  
  IARC. (2012). Cadmium and cadmium compounds. In Arsenic, Metals, Fibres and Dusts (pp. 121–145). International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  
  Irving, P., Cecil, R., & Yates, M. Z. (2021). MYSTAT: A compact potentiostat/galvanostat for general electrochemistry measurements. HardwareX, 9, Article e00163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00163
  
  Ishak, A. R., Zuhdi, M. S. M., & Aziz, M. Y. (2020). Determination of lead and cadmium in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from selected areas in Kuala Lumpur. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 46(3), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2020.06.001
  
  Janaydeh, M., Ismail, A., Zulkifli, S. Z., & Omar, H. (2019). Toxic heavy metal (Pb and Cd) content in tobacco cigarette brands in Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7755-y
  
  Kusin, F. M., Azani, N. N. M., Syed Hasan, S. N. M., & Sulong, N. A. (2018). Distribution of heavy metals and metalloid in surface sediments of heavily-mined area for bauxite ore in Pengerang, Malaysia and associated risk assessment. Catena, 165, 454–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.02.029
  
  Li, Y. C., Melenbrink, E. L., Cordonier, G. J., Boggs, C., Khan, A., Isaac, M. K., Nkhonjera, L. K., Bahati, D., Billinge, S. J., Haile, S. M., Kreuter, R. A., Crable, R. M., & Mallouk, T. E. (2018). An easily fabricated low-cost potentiostat coupled with user-friendly software for introducing students to electrochemical reactions and electroanalytical techniques [Product-review]. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(9), 1658–1661. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00340
  
  Lu, Y., Liang, X., Niyungeko, C., Zhou, J., Xu, J., & Tian, G. (2018). A review of the identification and detection of heavy metal ions in the environment by voltammetry. Talanta, 178(2018), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.033
  
  Lv, Z. L., Qi, G. M., Jiang, T. J., Guo, Z., Yu, D. Y., Liu, J. H., & Huang, X. J. (2017). A simplified electrochemical instrument equipped with automated flow-injection system and network communication technology for remote online monitoring of heavy metal ions. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 791(2017), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.012
  
  Meloni, G. N. (2016). Building a microcontroller based potentiostat: A inexpensive and versatile platform for teaching electrochemistry and instrumentation. Journal of Chemical Education, 93(7), 1320–1322. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00961
  
  Mohamed, R. M. S. R., Aziz, F. H. C., & Kassim, A. H. M. (2014). An assessment of selected heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn) in university campus located in industrial area. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9(12), 2724–2730.
  
  Nemiroski, A., Christodouleas, D. C., Hennek, J. W., Kumar, A. A., Maxwell, E. J., Fernandez-Abedul, M. T., Whitesides, G. M., & Paper, S. I. of K. (2014). Universal mobile electrochemical detector designed for use in resource-limited applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 11984–11989. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405679111
  
  Poong, J. H., Tee, L. S., Tan, E., Yip, T. H., Ramli, M. H., Hassan, A. R. A., Ali, A., Meng-Hsien, C., Wah, J. L. C., & Chuan, O. M. (2020). Level of heavy metals in bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium sp.) in Straits of Malacca, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 24(4), 546–557.
  
  Rowe, A. A., Bonham, A. J., White, R. J., Zimmer, M. P., Yadgar, R. J., Hobza, T. M., Honea, J. W., Ben-Yaacov, I., & Plaxco, K. W. (2011). CheapStat: An open-source, “do-it-yourself” potentiostat for analytical and educational applications. PLoS ONE, 6(9), Article e23783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023783
  
  Tichter, T., Gernhard, M., & Vesborg, P. C. K. (2023). PolArStat: An Arduino based potentiostat for low-power electrochemical applications. Electrochimica Acta, 469, Article 143119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143119
  
  Umar, S. N. H., Bakar, E. A., Kamaruddin, N. M., & Uchiyama, N. (2020). A prototype development and evaluation of electrochemical device for heavy metal measurement. In Proceedings of International Conference of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 2019 (pp. 117-125). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4756-0_11
  
  Umar, S. N. H., Akhtar, M. N., Bakar, E. A., Kamaruddin, N. M., & Othman, A. R. (2020). Development of heavy metal potentiostat for batik industry. Applied Sciences, 10(21), Article 7804. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217804
  
  Umar, S. N. H., Bakar, E. A., Kamaruddin, N. M., & Uchiyama, N. (2018). A low cost potentiostat device for monitoring aqueous solution. MATEC Web of Conferences, 217(04001), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821704001
  
  Umar, S. N. H., Bakar, E. A., Kamaruddin, N. M., Uchiyama, N., & Akhtar, M. N. (2021). Performance of heavy metal potentiostat for batik industry. In Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics: Proceedings of SympoSIMM 2020 (pp. 885-894). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_77
  
  Vanar, M. (2021, October 12). Cadmium found in elephant carcasses. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/10/12/cadmium-found-in-elephant-carcasses
  
  Wu, P., Vazquez, G., Mikstas, N., Krishnan, S., & Kim, U. (2017). Aquasift: A low-cost, hand-held potentiostat for point-of-use electrochemical detection of contaminants in drinking water. In 2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239306
  
  Zanuri, N. B. M., Abdullah, M. B., Darif, N. A. M., Nilamani, N., & Hwai, A. T. S. (2020). Case study of marine pollution in Teluk Bahang, Penang, Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 414, No. 1, p. 012032). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/414/1/012032
  
  Zulkifli, H. M., Elias, S. M., Aris, A. Z., Bakar, S. A., & Noor, F. A. M. (2019). Seafood consumption and blood cadmium level of respondents along the coastal area of Melaka, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 15(SP4), 68–75.