e-ISSN 2231-8542
ISSN 1511-3701
Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Volume 31, Issue 1, March 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.1.03
Keywords: Augmented Reality, Fuzzy Delphi Method, module development, needs analysis, teaching and learning pneumatic systems
Published on: 17 March 2023
Practical skills and theoretical knowledge are vital competencies that technical and vocational trainees need to master before joining the industrial workforce to perform tasks efficiently. Therefore, comprehensive instructional materials and training equipment are essential to ensure that the skills and knowledge are delivered effectively to trainees. This study aimed to identify the need to develop a mobile augmented reality module to teach and learn pneumatic systems in Malaysian vocational colleges. Descriptive research was conducted to determine the module’s need, involving 13 subject-matter experts from various vocational colleges. A set of questionnaires consisting of three main themes: the need for the module, the module’s user interface design, and the module’s usability criteria with 49 items was used. The data collected were analysed using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. All three constructs showed high levels of expert consensus of more than 75% and a threshold value of ≤ 0.2. Therefore, experts agreed that there was a need to develop a mobile AR-based module for teaching and to learn pneumatic systems with the stated user interface designs and usability criteria.
Aadzaar, R. M., & Widjajanti, D. B. (2019). Multimedia: An alternative to improve self-regulated learning and mathematical problem-solving skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1320(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1320/1/012086
Ab Aziz, N. A., Ab Aziz, K., Paul, A., Yusof, A. M., & Noor, N. S. M. (2012). Providing augmented reality based education for students with attention deficit hyperactive disorder via cloud computing: Its advantages. 14th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 577-581.
Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (Eds.). (1996). Gazing into the oracle: The Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health. Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
Akçayir, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.11.002
Ali, D. F., Md Nasir, A. N., Buntat, Y., Minghat, A. D., Hussin, M. N. K., Mokhtar, M., & Nordin, M. S. (2013). Virtual environment courseware in engineering drawing to enhance students’ visualization skills. Proceedings of the Research in Engineering Education Symposium, 1-8.
Andoko, & Wirawan, W. A. (2017). Needs analysis of automotive workshop equipment based on Indonesian national standards. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 15(4), 410-415.
Anindo, J., Mugambi, M. M., & Matula, P. D. (2016). Training equipment and acquisition of employable skills by trainees in public technical and vocational education and training institutions in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(4), 103-110.
Aravind, K., Subramanian, R. B., Subramanian, V. S. S., Srivyassram, V., Hayakawa, Y., & Pandian, S. R. (2017). An affordable build-your own computer control system for electropneumatics education. Conference on Information and Communication Technology, 53(9), 1689-1699.
Arief, U., Wibawanto, H., & Nastiti, A. (2018). Augmented reality technology for vocational education the disruption era. International Conference on Indonesian Technical Vocational Education and Association, 73-76. https://doi.org/10.2991/aptekindo-18.2018.16
Asfani, K., Suswanto, H., & Wibawa, A. P. (2016). Influential factors of students’ competence. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 14(3), 416-420.
Audu, R., Kamin, Y., Musta’amal, A. H., & Saud, M. S. (2014). Assessment of the teaching methods that influence the acquisition of practical skills. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n21p35
Audu, R., Musta’amal, A. H., & Sukri, M. A. (2013). Provision of workshop tools and equipment: Necessity for technical vocational education graduates skills acquisition. 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable Education, 74-78. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2787.0724
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2009.03.056
Baloch, S., Qadeer, S., & Memon, K. (2018). Augmented reality, a tool to enhance conceptual understanding for engineering students. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Emerging Technology, 1(1), 41-48.
Bazarov, S. E., Kholodilin, I. Y., Nesterov, A. S., & Sokhina, A. V. (2017). Applying augmented reality in practical classes for engineering students. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 87(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/87/3/032004
Buchner, J., & Zumbach, J. (2018). Promoting intrinsic motivation with a mobile augmented reality learning environment. 14th International Conference on Mobile Learning, 55-61.
Chen, C. H., Huang, C. Y., & Chou, Y. Y. (2017). Integrating augmented reality into blended learning for elementary science course. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1145/3029387.3029417
Chen, Y. C. (2019). Effect of mobile augmented reality on learning performance, motivation, and math anxiety in a math course. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119854036
Chin, K. Y., Wang, C. S., & Chen, Y. L. (2019). Effects of an augmented reality-based mobile system on students’ learning achievements and motivation for a liberal arts course. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(7), 927-941. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1504308
Diegmann, P., Schmidt-Kraepelin, M., van den Eynden, S., & Basten, D. (2015). Benefits of augmented reality in educational environments - A systematic literature review. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, 1542-1556. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312147184_Benefits_of_Augmented_Reality_in_Educational_Environments_-_A_Systematic_Literature_Review%0Ahttp://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2015http://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2015/103%0Ahttps://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi
Dünser, A., Grasset, R., Seichter, H., & Billinghurst, M. (2007). Applying HCI principles to AR systems design. Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Mixed Reality User Interfaces: Specification, Authoring, Adaptation, 1-5.
Endres, T., Weyreter, S., Renkl, A., & Eitel, A. (2020). When and why does emotional design foster learning? Evidence for situational interest as a mediator of increased persistence. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12418
Ferrer-Torregrosa, J., Torralba, J., Jimenez, M. A., García, S., & Barcia, J. M. (2015). ARBOOK: Development and assessment of a tool based on augmented reality for anatomy. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(1), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-014-9526-4
Hanafi, H. F., Said, C. S., Wahab, M. H., & Samsuddin, K. (2017). Improving students’ motivation in learning ICT course with the use of a mobile augmented reality learning environment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 226, 012114. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/226/1/012114
Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J. D., & Sharon, E. S. (2002). Instructional media and technologies for learning (7th ed.). Merrill Prentice Hall.
Herlandy, P. B., Al Amien, J., Pahmi, P., & Satria, A. (2019). A virtual laboratory application for vocational productive learning using augmented reality. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan, 25(2), 194-203. https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v25i2.26504
Hung, Y. H., Chen, C. H., & Huang, S. W. (2017). Applying augmented reality to enhance learning: A study of different teaching materials. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(3), 252-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12173
Ifeanyichukwu, O. A., Uzoagulu, P. A. E., & Ifeyinwa, O. C. (2018). Availability and adequacy of workshop facilities for skill acquisition among undergraduates in technology vocational education in universities in South East Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(6), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.8.6.2018.p7824
Ismail, M. E., Zakaria, A. F., Ismail, I. M., Othman, H., Samsudin, M. A., & Utami, P. (2019). Design and development of augmented reality teaching kit: In TVET learning context. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 8(1), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i1.1.24792
Jabar, A. R., Pairan, M. R., Noh@Seth, N. H., Ahyan, N. A. M., Jambari, H., & Lokman, N. H. (2020). Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching school computer science. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2731, 91-107.
Khramova, M. V., Bukina, T. V., Aleksandrova, N. A., & Kurkin, S. A. (2019). Research on the development of elementary school students’ attention in computer science lessons. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies IT and QM and IS 2019, 515-518. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITQMIS.2019.8928344
Klopfer, E., & Sheldon, J. (2010). Augmenting your own reality: Student authoring of science-based augmented reality games. New Directions for Youth Development, 128, 85-94.
Ko, S. M., Chang, W. S., & Ji, Y. G. (2013). Usability principles for augmented reality applications in a smartphone environment. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 29(8), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.722466
Kurniawan, W. D., Budijono, A. P., & Susanti, N. A. (2017). Developing computer assisted media of pneumatic system learning oriented to industrial demands. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, 23(3), 304-309. https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v23i3.13417
Li, H., Zhou, L., & Yuan, Y. (2017). The main problems faced by higher vocational education and the countermeasures. 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Mechanical Engineering, 76, 1564-1567. https://doi.org/10.2991/emim-17.2017.315
Martín-Gutiérrez, J., Fabiani, P., Benesova, W., Meneses, M. D., & Mora, C. E. (2015). Augmented reality to promote collaborative and autonomous learning in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(Part B), 752-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.093
Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Md Nasir, A. N., Ahmad, A., Udin, A., Wahid, N. H. A., & Ali, D. F. (2020). Teachers’ practical teaching methods for electronic course in vocational colleges. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 12(1), 189-196.
Nielsen, J. (1993). Usability engineering. Academic Press.
Noh, N. M., Siraj, S., Halili, S. H., Jamil, M. R. M., & Husin, Z. (2019). Application of Fuzzy Delphi method as a vital element in technology as a tool in design thinking based learning. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 34, 129-151. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2019.34.7
Ohwojero, C. J., & Ede, E. (2013). Tools and equipments as a means of enhancing practical skill acquisition in automobile workshop in Nigerian secondary schools and technical colleges. Open Science Repository Education, Article e70081988. https://doi.org/10.7392/openaccess.70081988
Okwelle, P. C., & Ojotule, D. I. (2018). Constraints to students ’ effectiveness in practical skills acquisition in technical colleges in Kogi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Scientific & Engineering Technologies Research, 6(1), 1-9.
Olwal, A. (2009). An introduction to augmented reality. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221402836_Introduction_to_Augmented_Reality
Peddie, J. (2017). Augmented reality. Springer International Publishing.
Rabie, M. G. (2009). Fluid power engineering. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Ridhuan, M. J. M., & Nurulrabihah, M. N. (2020). Kepelbagaian metodologi dalam penyelidikan rekabentuk dan pembangunan. Qaisar Prestige Resources.
Saidin, N. F., Halim, N. D. A., & Yahaya, N. (2015). A review of research on augmented reality in education: Advantages and applications. International Education Studies, 8(13), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n13p1
Sambodo, R. A., Prayitno, B. A., & Karyanto, P. (2019). The development of ECO AR learning media based on augmented reality technology on the topic of ecosystem. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2194, 020108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139840
Sambodo, R. A., Prayitno, B. A., & Karyantoo, P. (2018). The effectiveness of augmented reality technology based - Interactive multimedia implemented to improve students learning outcome ecology at high school level. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 262, 262-264. https://doi.org/10.2991/ictte-18.2018.47
Shieu, Y.-M., Hsu, Y.-C., Sheng, M., & Lan, C.-H. (2019). Impact of an augmented reality system on students’ learning performance for a health education course. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 8(3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.32327/IJMESS.8.3.2019.12
Solmaz, S., Alfaro, J. L. D., Santos, P., Van Puyvelde, P., & Van Gerven, T. (2021). A practical development of engineering simulation-assisted educational AR environments. Education for Chemical Engineers, 35, 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.01.007
Technical and Vocational Education Division. (2019). Diploma Teknologi Elektronik [Diploma in Electronics Technology]. Ministry of Eduation Malaysia.
Technical and Vocational Education Division. (2022). Kolej vokasional [Vocational college]. Ministry of Education Malaysia. https://bpltv.moe.gov.my/kolej-vokasional/
Wong, T. L., Xie, H., Zou, D., Wang, F. L., Tang, J. K. T., Kong, A., & Kwan, R. (2020). How to facilitate self-regulated learning? A case study on open educational resources. Journal of Computers in Education, 7(1), 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-019-00138-4
Wu, H. K., Lee, S. W. Y., Chang, H. Y., & Liang, J. C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers and Education, 62, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
Xu, L., Cai, L., & Nan, X. (2017). Research on teaching reform of hydraulic and pneumatic transmission based on OBE. 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Medicine, 59, 397-403. https://doi.org/10.2991/emcm-16.2017.75
Yip, J., Wong, S. H., Yick, K. L., Chan, K., & Wong, K. H. (2019). Improving quality of teaching and learning in classes by using augmented reality video. Computers and Education, 128, 88-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.014
Zhang, J., Liu, T. C., Sung, Y. T., & Chang, K. E. (2015). Using augmented reality to promote homogeneity in learning achievement. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - Media, Art, Social Science, Humanities and Design, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-MASHD.2015.17
Zhang, J., & Walji, M. F. (2011). TURF: Toward a unified framework of EHR usability. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 44(6), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2011.08.005
ISSN 1511-3701
e-ISSN 2231-8542