e-ISSN 2231-8542
ISSN 1511-3701
Kalsoom B. Sumra, Mehtab Alam, Shafei Moiz Hali, Khairulbaharein Mohd Noor and Hamza Iftikhar
Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, Volume 30, Issue 4, December 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.4.01
Keywords: Coronavirus, management, organization, policy
Published on: 15 December 2022
With millions of people segregating around the globe, Coronavirus stands truly a global event. It ranges to the trajectories of states with miserable and wrecked health care systems. The transmission is aided by the wide-ranging response from the policy planning and state organizations. Experts are aware of the sternness and contamination of the infectious disease and its disastrous consequences that desire for inoculation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The absence of an AI policy rejoinder may lead to increased fatalities for weathering the storm. Despite the wide range of responses, the up-to-date policy needs an organized way to track the inflexibility of state-run organizations’ frameworks to attain the objectives of AI organizational policy response. The study’s objectives include including key national institutions to understand perceptions and motivations to challenge the event of COVID-19 through common grounds of Artificial Intelligence. The data is obtained through an online survey from the foreign office, health care services, inter-coordination ministries, and science and technology ministry. The paper has unfolded the useless directions, impractical steps, uncertainty, ineffective communication, and social protection, which led to the rapid spread of infection. Refining each health indicator and reducing the progression of the pandemic through the AI archetype is conceivable only when officialdoms employ the AI-based approach.
Agensky, J. C. (2019). Religion, governance, and the ‘peace–humanitarian–development nexus’ in South Sudan. In C. de Coning, & M. Peter (Eds.), United Nations peace operations in a changing global order (pp. 277-295). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99106-1_14
Anderson, D. L. (2019). Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. SAGE Publications.
Artino, A. R., Jr, La Rochelle, J. S., Dezee, K. J., & Gehlbach, H. (2014). Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87. Medical Teacher, 36(6), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2014.889814
Aykroyd, R., Leiva, V., & Ruggeri, F. (2019). Recent developments of control charts and identification of big data sources and future trends of current research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.005
Bastian, E., Munaretto, C., Myers, N. R., Baxter, C. L., Fishman, J., Westervelt, J. D., & Burkhalter, J. A. (2019). Application of the FICUS data data-conflation model to a theoretical humanitarian crisis analytical framework (No. ERDC/CERL-TR-19-1). Engineer Research and Development Center Champaign United States.
Bhatia, P. (2019). Data mining and data warehousing: Principles and practical techniques. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108635592
Biswakarma, J., Rushworth, D., Srivastava, G., Singh, G., Kang, K., Das, S., Anantharaman, S. B., Aeppli, M., Popp, A. L., & Bhuyan, D. J. (2021). Organizational level responses to the COVID-19 outbreak: Challenges, strategies and framework for academic institutions. Frontiers in Communication, 6, 573-585. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.573585
Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2015). Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability: Interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1960
Boodhna, A., Sissons, C., & Fullwood-Thomas, J. (2019). A systems thinking approach for energy markets in fragile places. Nature Energy, 4, 997-999. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0519-7
Buchanan, D., & Badham, R. (2020). Power, politics, and organizational change. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2019). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools, and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers.
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Chohan, U. W. (2020). Forecasting the economic impact of Coronavirus on developing countries: Case of Pakistan (No. EC016UC). Center for Aerospace and Security Studies Pakistan.
Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X., & Jacobi, A. (2020). CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology, 295(1), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200230
Dareini, A. (2020). Coronavirus: An ethical question in the US-Iran showdown. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies. https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/coronavirus-ethical-question-us-iran-showdown
Eurosurveillance Editorial Team. (2020). Note from the editors: World Health Organization declares novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) sixth public health emergency of international concern. EuroSurveillance, 25(5), 200131e. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.200131e
Farah, M. A., Hasan, M. A., & Gichuki, J. (2019). Developing a common results framework for nutrition in Somalia. Nutrition Exchange, (11), 20-21.
Farrow, E. (2019). To augment human capacity—Artificial intelligence evolution through causal layered analysis. Futures, 108, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.02.022
Förster, M., Weiser, C., & Maur, A. (2018). How feedback provided by voluntary electronic quizzes affects learning outcomes of university students in large classes. Computers & Education, 121, 100-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.012
Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Diaz, G., Asperges, E., Castagna, A., Feldt, T., Green, G., Green, M. L., Lescure, F. X., Nicastri, E., Oda, R., Yo, K., Quiros-Roldan, E., Studemeister, A., Redinski, J., Ahmed, S., Bernett, J., Chelliah, D., …. & Flanigan, T. (2020). Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(24), 2327-2336. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C. Q., He, Y. W., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D., Du, B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K. Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., … & Zhong, N. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Haigh, M. (2016). Fostering deeper critical inquiry with causal layered analysis. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 40(2), 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1141185
Hall, E., & Wall, K. (2019). Research methods for understanding professional learning. Bloomsbury Publishing London.
He, F., Deng, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 719-725. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25766
Henökl, T., & Webersik, C. (2014). The impact of institutional change on foreign policy-making: The case of the EU horn of Africa strategy. European Foreign Affairs Review, 19(4), 519-537. https://doi.org/10.54648/EERR2014041
Holshue, M. L, DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Ericson, K., Wilkerson, S., Tural, A., Diaz, G., Cohn, A., Fox, L., Patel, A., Gerber, S. I., Kim. L., Tong, S., Lu, X., Lindstrom S., …. & Pillai, S. K. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191
Horne, S., & Boland, S. (2020). Understanding medical civil-military relationships within the humanitarian-development-peace ‘triple nexus’: A typology to enable effective discourse. BMJ Military Health, 001382. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2019-001382
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., …. & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Inayatullah, S. (1998). Causal layered analysis: Poststructuralism as method. Futures, 30(8), 815-829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(98)00086-X
Karabag, S. F. (2020). An unprecedented global crisis! The global, regional, national, political, economic and commercial impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 10(1), 1-6.
Khan, N., Fahad, S., Naushad, M., & Muhammad, A. (2020). Explanation of Corona Virus control novel by warm and humid seasons in the world. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561155
Leggett, N. (2017). Early childhood creativity: Challenging educators in their role to intentionally develop creative thinking in children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(6), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0836-4
Lurie, N., Saville, M., Hatchett, R., & Halton, J. (2020). Developing Covid-19 vaccines at pandemic speed. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(21), 1969-1973. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJMp2005630
Medinilla, A., Shiferaw, L. T., & Veron, P. (2019). Think local. Governance, humanitarian aid, development, and peace building in Somalia (No. 246). European Centre for Development Policy Management Maastricht, the Netherlands. http://www.ecdpm.org/dp246
Minkkinen, M., Heinonen, S., & Parkkinen, M. (2019). Drilling and blasting to learn scenario construction: Experimenting with causal layered analysis as a disruption of scenario work. World Futures Review, 11(2), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1946756718774940
Nacoti, M., Ciocca, A., Giupponi, A., Brambillasca, P., Lussana, F., Pisano, M., Goisis, G., Bonacina, D., Fazzi, F., Naspro, R., Longhi, L., Cereda, M., & Montaguti, C. (2020). At the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic and humanitarian crises in Italy: Changing perspectives on preparation and mitigation. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery, 1(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0080
Ndlela, M. N. (2019). A stakeholder approach to risk management. In Crisis communication a stakeholder approach (pp 53-75). Palgrave Pivot. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97256-5_4
Osa, Y., & Hanatani, A. (2018). Introduction: Addressing the humanitarian-development nexus since the Cold War. In Crisis management beyond the humanitarian-development nexus (pp. 3-14). Routledge.
Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another Coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 760-762. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2001126
Phan, L. T., Nguyen, T.V., Luong, Q. C., Nguyen, T. V., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Cao, T. M., & Pham, Q. D. (2020). Importation and human-to-human transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(9) 872-874. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001272
Read, J. M., Bridgen, J. R., Cummings, D. A., Ho, A., & Jewell, C. P. (2021). Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1829), 2020-0265. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0265
Reddy, T., Giabbanelli, P. J., & Mago, V. K. (2019). The artificial facilitator: Guiding participants in developing causal maps using voice-activated technologies. In D. Schmorrow & C. Fidopiastis (Eds.), Augmented cognition (Vol. 11580, pp. 111-129). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_9
Reeves, M., Lang, N., & Carlsson-Szlezak, P. (2020, February 27). Lead your business through the coronavirus crisis. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/02/lead-your-business-through-the-coronavirus-crisis
Richards, M. (2019). Analogue futures games and causal layered analysis. In T. Petri, A. Hanna-Kaisa, M. Matti, P. Sari, S. Katriina, & A. Anne (Eds.), Coolest student papers at Finland Futures Research Centre 2017-2018 (pp. 124-134). Finland Futures Research Centre, University of Turku. https://www.utu.fi/sites/default/files/public%3A//media/file/eBook_3-2019_2.pdf
Salehi, S., Abedi, A., Balakrishnan, S., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. American Journal of Roentgenology, 215(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23034
Salmi, A., & Mattelmäki, T. (2021). From within and in-between–co-designing organizational change. CoDesign, 17(1), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2019.1581817
Scheele, R., Kearney, N. M., Kurniawan, J. H., & Schweizer, V. J. (2018). What scenarios are you missing? Post structuralism for deconstructing and reconstructing organizational futures. In H. Krämer & M. Wenzel (Eds.), How organizations manage the future (pp. 153-172). Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74506-0_8
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 26, 71-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
Sparrow, A. (2020). How China’s Coronavirus is spreading—And how to stop it. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/26/2019-ncov-china-epidemic-pandemic-the-wuhan-coronavirus-a-tentative-clinical-profile/
Steyaert, C., & Kuismin, A., (2020, June 4-5). Exploring organizational space as a process [Paper presentation]. Space, Place and Organizational Change 2020 Workshop, Aalto University, Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland. https://opsy.unisg.ch/-/media/dateien/instituteundcenters/opsy/2020_02cfp-place-space-workshop-2020.pdf
Tosi, L., Paché, G., & Fulconis, F. (2019a). Humanitarian action: A strategic perspective of developmentalism. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 16(3), 45-65.
Tosi, L., Paché, G., & Fulconis, F. (2019b, August 9-10). Six shades of strategizing: The humanitarian action in perspective [Paper presentation]. 5th ICSSEF’2019 - International Conference on Social Sciences, Economics and Finance, Montréal, Canada.
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Peng, Z. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323(11), 1061-1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Wang, X., Zhou, Q., He, Y., Liu, L., Ma, X., Wei, X., Jiang, N., Liang, L., Zheng, Y., Ma, L., Xu, Y., Yang, D., Zhang, J., Yang, B., Jiang, N., Deng, T., Zhai, B., Gao, Y., Liu, W., … & Gao, Z. (2020). Nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The European Respiratory Journal, 55(6), 2000544. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00544-2020
William, E., & Wagner, III. (2019). Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics (7th ed.). California State University.
World Health Organization. (2019). IHR monitoring and evaluation framework: Guidance document for joint external evaluation in special context countries (No. WHO/WHE/CPI/2019.12). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329970
Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y., Wang, W., Song, Z. G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z., Tian, J., Pei, Y., Yuan, M., Zhang, Y., Dai, F., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Zheng, J., Xu, L., Holmes, E., & Zhang, Z. Y. (2020). A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature, 579(7798), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
Zankl, W. (2014). The International Data Privacy Principles. Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University. https://www.e-center.eu/static/files/international%20data%20privacy%20rules.pdf
Zhou, Y., Zhang, Q., & Singh, V. P. (2016). An adaptive multilevel correlation analysis: A new algorithm and case study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61(15), 2718-2728. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1170941
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, X., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, Z., Gao, G. F., & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
ISSN 1511-3701
e-ISSN 2231-8542