The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is prone to infection of various pathogenic organisms. Microsporidiosis of the silkworm, caused by highly virulent parasitic microsporidian or Nosema bombycis (Nageli), is one of the most serious maladies, which determines the success or failure of sericulture industry in any country. Infections of the disease ranging from chronic to highly virulent can result in heavy loss to the sericulture industry. Several strains and species of microsporidia have since been isolated from the infected silkworms, and the disease is becoming increasingly more and more complex. Epizootiology, development of immunodiagnostic kit, fluorescent antibody technique and use of ideal disinfectant, chemotherapy and thermo-therapy techniques and management strategies have been addressed for identification, destruction, prevention and control of disease causing micro-organisms. Techniques of forced eclosion test and delayed mother moth examination have also been stated to play important roles in the detection of the disease. An attempt has also been made in this review article to briefly elucidate the various aspects of the pebrine disease and to help the researchers to develop efficient model(s) for the prevention, control and management of microsporidia infecting mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L.