Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology
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Pertanika ยท Universiti Putra Malaysia Press

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

Official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia for scholarly work across science, engineering and related technologies.

e-ISSN 2231-8526 ISSN 0128-7680
Pre-press article

An Interactive Augmented Reality and Digital Twin Framework for IoT-Based Aquaponics in Urban Farming

Siti Khadijah binti Ali, Phang Kok Wai, Zainal bin Abdul Kahar, and Rahmita Wirza O.K. Rahmat

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.4.13
KeywordsAquaponics, augmented reality, digital twin, internet of things, smart agriculture, urban farming, user acceptance testing
Article content

Abstract

Urban farming, specifically aquaponics, offers a sustainable approach to food production; however, novice practitioners often struggle due to the complexity of the system and a reliance on stable internet connectivity for real-time monitoring. This paper proposes an interactive Augmented Reality (AR) and Digital Twin (DT) framework for IoT-based aquaponics to address these limitations. Developed through a rigorous five-phase research methodology, the system integrates a resilient WebSocket communication architecture with edge-level data buffering, successfully recovering 92.38% of sensor records during simulated network outages. To sustain continuous environmental visualisation during hardware or network failures, a lightweight slope-only linear regression fallback mechanism was implemented, achieving high predictive accuracy for dynamic parameters like temperature and humidity. Furthermore, to accommodate non-technical urbanites (aged 18 to 35), the mobile AR interface incorporates a rule-based mistouch detection algorithm using spatial and temporal thresholds, successfully intercepting 37.25% of interactions as accidental inputs to prevent physical actuation errors. A User Acceptance Test (UAT) with 20 participants yielded a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 56.63, reflecting the initial cognitive load of spatial AR navigation, yet recorded a high overall user satisfaction rate of 85%. This paper contributes a resilient, fault-tolerant, and user-centric management solution that advances smart agriculture for urban farming initiatives.