Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science
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Pertanika · Universiti Putra Malaysia Press

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science

Official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia for peer-reviewed research across tropical agriculture and allied agricultural sciences.

e-ISSN 2231-8542 ISSN 1511-3701
Research article

Application of Multi-Level Factorial Design in Optimisation of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE) Condition from Erythrina variegata L. Leaves on Antioxidant Activities

Nur Fazira Abdul Rahim, Norhayati Muhammad, Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Siti Fatimah Sabran, Furzani Pa’ee, Balkis A. Talip, Ain Zamira Muhamad Zamri, Rozaliana Ab Karim, Nur Zainatul Nadra Zainol, Aliff Hisyam A Razak, and Rabiah Ahmad

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.49.2.23
KeywordsAntioxidant, Erythrina variegata L., extraction parameters, multi-level factorial design, ultrasound-assisted extraction
Article content

Abstract

Erythrina variegata L. (dedap), from the Fabaceae family, has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing agent. There is a lack of literature data regarding the optimisation of extraction parameters from this plant on antioxidant activities, particularly involving Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE). Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum extraction parameter for the UAE technique from E. variegata leaves extracts on in-vitro antioxidant activities by applying a multi-level factorial design. The solvent (methanol) concentration (X1) and extraction time (X2) were the independent variables, while the dependent variables are antioxidant assays: DPPH radical scavenging activity (Y1), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Y2) and total phenolic content (TPC) (Y3). The results showed that the optimised extraction condition was at 100% solvent concentration and 60 minutes of extraction time, which demonstrated 0.301 ± 0.013 mg/mL, 54.624 ± 0.143 mg FeSO4/g and 29.433 ± 0.062 mg GAE/g of DPPH activity, FRAP assay and TPC values, respectively. However, the highest extraction yield of 18.56% was obtained when extracted at only 25% solvent concentration and 60 minutes. This research has provided basic scientific evidence that optimum UAE conditions for E. variegata are crucial to maximising antioxidant activity.