Monodominant forests are often dominated by a single tree species at the canopy layer of the forest. At Segari Melintang Forest Reserve, Perak, where Shorea lumutensis dominates the forest, a study was conducted to understand the floristic composition and the soil properties that drove the abundance of S. lumutensis in the study area. To achieve the objectives, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above and soil samples were collected within eight random subplots of 25 m × 50 m each. A total of 1,207 trees were enumerated, which comprised 117 species, 70 genera, and 35 families. The most speciose family and family with the highest density were Euphorbiaceae (12 species) and Dipterocarpaceae (201 individuals/ha), respectively. The total basal area for all trees in the study plots was 32.63 m²/ha, with Dipterocarpaceae and S. lumutensis showing the highest basal area of 10.64 and 2.9 m²/ha, respectively. For the diversity indices, the Shannon diversity index showed a value of 3.92, whilst the Shannon evenness index was 0.82. The redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination diagram showed that S. lumutensis is associated with magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). The distribution pattern of tree communities is associated with the soil characteristics of the study site.