Adenium obesum is a common plant found in many households in Malaysia. Its phytochemical constituents are believed to have contributed to its vast medicinal properties. Five types of compounds were isolated and identified from the plant, namely cardiac glycosides, pregnanes, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrates. These compounds confer the plant its reported pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulation and antiparasitic effects. The plant's antibacterial effects against some bacterial strains such as Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated while its antiviral activity was tested against H1N1. Its anticancer activity was found to be mediated through the hedgehog/GLI signalling pathway. For the immunomodulatory effect, A. obesum was found to promote proliferation of B and T cells. This review outlines in detail the pharmacological activities of A. obesum while further correlating these activities with the phytochemical constituents present.